Compared to the monarchies of her nordic or dutch counterparts, Leonor will be Head of State in a country with a lot of machismo.
Is there more machismo in Spain than in Sweden, Norway, Belgium or the Netherlands? For what it is worth, the World Economic Forum ranked Spain #18 in its Global Gender Gap Index 2023: lower (more unequal) than Sweden (#5), Norway (#2) and Belgium (#10), but higher than the Netherlands (#28).
From a royal watcher's perspective:
Spain has had more reigning queens than all other surviving European monarchies put together. The kingdom of Navarre alone had six (not counting failed claimants) before its unification with Castile, Aragon, and France.
Spain has acknowledged the right of daughters to inherit the throne ahead of eligible uncles, male cousins and nephews for around a millennium, earlier than any other modern European monarchy. (The British monarchy did not implement that rule until the 18th century.)
Spain is the only nation in the world with an officially recognized nobility in which women and girls have equal rights to men and boys in the succession to titles and headship of noble families.
Spain is probably the only country in Europe where female royalty and nobility currently have the same rights as males to pass (or not) their titles to their spouses and children (with one exception: King Juan Carlos I decided in his 1987 decree that in the future, husbands of queens regnant will only be princes).
I don't recall having these discussions about Elisabeth in Belgium -- and we have no idea if she had issues or not.
At the time that Princess Elisabeth of Belgium enrolled in military training, the percentage of women in the Belgian military (
approximately 8%) was even lower than the current percentage (approximately 13%) in Spain.