Being king almost all your life. You'd probably never remember a time when you weren't the king.
On this Day in French Royal/Imperial History
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Being king almost all your life. You'd probably never remember a time when you weren't the king.
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Louis XIV was 5 when he became king with indomitable mother Anne of Austria as Regent .The early years of the Queens Regency were difficult with a series of insurrections and rebellions known as the Fronde.
I read Antonia Fraser's Louis XIV ages ago. I don't know how good it is as serious history but I do remember abut the Fronde. It was a difficult period in French history.
No sorry - it was Nancy Mitford's The Sun King I've just remembered! My gran had an old copy.
I was getting mixed up with Frasers Mary Queen of Scots.?
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August 19, 1743 birth of Jeanne Bécu, Comtesse du Barry better known as Madam du Barry, mistress of Louis XV.
She was the natural daughter of a seamstress. She came to Paris as a small child when Monsieur Billiard-Dumonceaux (a former lover of her mother) brought her and her mother with him. Her mother served as a cook to his mistress who took a keen liking to Jeanne. Monsieur Billiard-Dumonceaux funded her education at a convent where she stayed until she was 15.
Unfortunately likely jealousy drove her from the Dumonceaux household as well as her mother. She found work as a companion and later as an assistant to a milner. She came to the attention of Jean-Baptiste du Barry while she was working in a casino-brothel, and he made her his mistress. It was he who established her career as a courtesan.
She was the mistress of many powerful men at court and she came to the attention of the king who started seeing her. She did not have the appropriate background though to be his official court mistress. The only way to solve that was to marry her to a man of station. The chosen husband was Jean-Baptiste's brother, Comte Guillaume du Barry. They were married in 1763. In return for their marriage her husband was granted a large pension and retired to Toulouse where he died in 1811.
In May 1774 the king who had fallen ill with small pox sent her from court for good in preparation for his death. Following his death she was exiled by his grandson to Abbey du Pont-aux-Dames on the insistence of Marie Antoinette who had butted heads with her for years. She was permitted after a year to leave the abbey but she was not allowed near Versailles. She eventually was able to return to Château de Louveciennes which had been a gift to her from the king.
During her later years she was involved with Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac, Duke of Brissac and Henry Seymour. Her relationship with Henry was short but the Brissac continued until his death. He was unfortunately killed by a mob in Paris, and the mob brought the head to present to her.
Unfortunately she would fall a victim to the French revolution. Her servant Zamor who had been a gift from the king, betrayed her to the tribunal after she fired him for joining the Jacobin club. She was arrested in her chateau in 1793. It was his testimony which sent her to the guillotine among others. She died December 8, 1793 and was buried in the Madeleine Cemetary with other victims of the reign of terror including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
Her estate had been seized but she had smuggled a great deal of her jewels to England before. The money from the auction of the jewels helped to fund some of the mercenaries who would fight against the new French regime.
She was the natural daughter of a seamstress. She came to Paris as a small child when Monsieur Billiard-Dumonceaux (a former lover of her mother) brought her and her mother with him. Her mother served as a cook to his mistress who took a keen liking to Jeanne. Monsieur Billiard-Dumonceaux funded her education at a convent where she stayed until she was 15.
Unfortunately likely jealousy drove her from the Dumonceaux household as well as her mother. She found work as a companion and later as an assistant to a milner. She came to the attention of Jean-Baptiste du Barry while she was working in a casino-brothel, and he made her his mistress. It was he who established her career as a courtesan.
She was the mistress of many powerful men at court and she came to the attention of the king who started seeing her. She did not have the appropriate background though to be his official court mistress. The only way to solve that was to marry her to a man of station. The chosen husband was Jean-Baptiste's brother, Comte Guillaume du Barry. They were married in 1763. In return for their marriage her husband was granted a large pension and retired to Toulouse where he died in 1811.
In May 1774 the king who had fallen ill with small pox sent her from court for good in preparation for his death. Following his death she was exiled by his grandson to Abbey du Pont-aux-Dames on the insistence of Marie Antoinette who had butted heads with her for years. She was permitted after a year to leave the abbey but she was not allowed near Versailles. She eventually was able to return to Château de Louveciennes which had been a gift to her from the king.
During her later years she was involved with Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac, Duke of Brissac and Henry Seymour. Her relationship with Henry was short but the Brissac continued until his death. He was unfortunately killed by a mob in Paris, and the mob brought the head to present to her.
Unfortunately she would fall a victim to the French revolution. Her servant Zamor who had been a gift from the king, betrayed her to the tribunal after she fired him for joining the Jacobin club. She was arrested in her chateau in 1793. It was his testimony which sent her to the guillotine among others. She died December 8, 1793 and was buried in the Madeleine Cemetary with other victims of the reign of terror including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
Her estate had been seized but she had smuggled a great deal of her jewels to England before. The money from the auction of the jewels helped to fund some of the mercenaries who would fight against the new French regime.
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Madame du Barry being escorted to her execution in December 1793
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A portrait of her when she was alive.
https://images.findagrave.com/photos/2008/128/3236_121031185762.jpg
She was a friend of Voltaire who wrote to her on numerous occasions. She spoke on his behalf to the king to try and allow him back to Paris. She sent two kisses for his cheeks with a messenger and his response.
https://images.findagrave.com/photos/2008/128/3236_121031185762.jpg
She was a friend of Voltaire who wrote to her on numerous occasions. She spoke on his behalf to the king to try and allow him back to Paris. She sent two kisses for his cheeks with a messenger and his response.
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Aug 22 1350- death of Philip VI of France, first king of the House of Valois.
He was born in 1293. When he was born Philip was not born to be king. He was a grandson of Philip III of France. His father was Charles, Count of Valois. Charles was the 4th of five sons of Philip and his first wife Isabella of Aragon. But only his elder brother Philip made it to adulthood, becoming Philip IV. Charles and Philip had three half siblings from his father's marriage to Marie of Brabant. Philip VI's Aunt Margaret was the second wife of Edward I.
Philip's mother was Charles' first wife Margaret, Countess of Anjou. Margaret was the daughter of Charles II of Naples. Philip was the second child and eldest son of the couple who had six children, five of whom reached adulthood. His mother died in 1299 and his father married twice more, giving Philip eight half-siblings. Of his 13 siblings, 11 made it to adulthood. His father died in 1325.
Philip IV (Philip's Uncle) had died in 1314. He was succeeded by three of his sons with Joan of Navarre, the last of whom was Charles IV. Though Charles married three times, when he died in 1328 he only had one living child, a daughter Marie who was a year old. But his wife Jeanne of Evreux was pregnant at the time.
France practiced salic law at the time, eliminating the right of Marie to inherit the throne. Charles only had a sister left Isabella who had married Edward II of England and was mother of Edward III. Isabella could not inherit the throne but the question became could her son. It became a debate whether a son in the female line could inherit the throne. There were two candidates for the throne. Edward III, Philip III's female line great-grandson. Or Philip of Valois, Philip III's male line grandson. Philip was chosen over his cousin's child as regent.
He was regent from February 1328 until April. When the dowager queen gave birth to a daughter Blanche, Philip was proclaimed king Philip VI. Blanche was the only child of Charles IV to make it out of childhood (Marie died at 14). He was crowned in Reims in May.
His ascension meant the loss of Navarre from the French kings. Unlike France, the throne of Navarre did not follow salic law. He was neither a descendent or heir of the throne of Navarre. The throne instead passed to Joan II of Navarre. Joan was a niece of Charles IV. Her father had been Charles' elder brother, Louis X. Louis had no sons so the throne of France and Navarre had passed to his younger brothers, eventually Charles IV. When her father died, the throne of Navarre had passed over Joan, but with the death of her Uncle, it reverted to her. Her ascension to the throne ended a fifty year union of the two thrones.
His initial friendship with his rival for the throne Edward III soured quickly over the issue of Aquitaine. He had also given David II of Scotland refuge in France. When Edward in return offered shelter of Robert of Artois, an enemy of Philip, war ensued. It was the start of the hundred years war.
Unfortunately for him the war was costly in money and lives. He was refused money to try and invade England. 1348 the Black death hit the country killing 1/3 of the population including his wife. This caused major labor shortage and financial issues. Philip's second marriage, to his son's betrothed wife, caused a huge political rift.
He died at Coulombes Abbey, Eure-et-Loir. He was buried with his first wife at Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by John II. He was 57.
He was married twice. His first wife was known as Joan the Lame. Joan was the daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy. Joan's mother Agnes was a daughter of Louis IX of France (she was a sister of Philip's grandfather Philip III). The couple had three children who reached adulthood.
-John: succeeded his father as John II. Known as John the Good. He was married twice. With Bonne of Luxembourg he had 7 children who reached adulthood including Charles V. His second wife Joanna I of Auvergne bore him three children but they all died shortly after birth.
-Marie: married the eldest son of John III, Duke of Brabant, John. She died shortly after. Her husband died young as well, and it was John's sister Joanna who would succeed John III.
-Philip: was made Duke of Orleans. He was married to Blanche, Charles IV's daughter who was born after he died. The couple had no children.
His second marriage was to Blanche of Navarre in 1350. He was 57 and his bride was 20. Blanche was the daughter of Joan II of Navarre. She was betrothed to his son John first but she caught the attention of Philip who married her instead. Sadly both John and Philip had been widowed the previous year, both Joan and her daughter in law Bonne had fallen victim to the plague. John would marry his second wife Joanna in February 1350 (herself a widow of the Duke of Burgundy with whom she had 2 living children) less then a month after his father married Blanche. But his father marrying Blanche caused a major rift between father and son.
Blanche, like Charles IV's wife, was pregnant when her husband died. And like Jeanne, she gave birth to a posthumous daughter.
-Joan: was born 9 months after her father died. She was betrothed to John, the heir of Peter IV of Aragon. She died on route to Aragon on her way to marry him when she was 20.
He was born in 1293. When he was born Philip was not born to be king. He was a grandson of Philip III of France. His father was Charles, Count of Valois. Charles was the 4th of five sons of Philip and his first wife Isabella of Aragon. But only his elder brother Philip made it to adulthood, becoming Philip IV. Charles and Philip had three half siblings from his father's marriage to Marie of Brabant. Philip VI's Aunt Margaret was the second wife of Edward I.
Philip's mother was Charles' first wife Margaret, Countess of Anjou. Margaret was the daughter of Charles II of Naples. Philip was the second child and eldest son of the couple who had six children, five of whom reached adulthood. His mother died in 1299 and his father married twice more, giving Philip eight half-siblings. Of his 13 siblings, 11 made it to adulthood. His father died in 1325.
Philip IV (Philip's Uncle) had died in 1314. He was succeeded by three of his sons with Joan of Navarre, the last of whom was Charles IV. Though Charles married three times, when he died in 1328 he only had one living child, a daughter Marie who was a year old. But his wife Jeanne of Evreux was pregnant at the time.
France practiced salic law at the time, eliminating the right of Marie to inherit the throne. Charles only had a sister left Isabella who had married Edward II of England and was mother of Edward III. Isabella could not inherit the throne but the question became could her son. It became a debate whether a son in the female line could inherit the throne. There were two candidates for the throne. Edward III, Philip III's female line great-grandson. Or Philip of Valois, Philip III's male line grandson. Philip was chosen over his cousin's child as regent.
He was regent from February 1328 until April. When the dowager queen gave birth to a daughter Blanche, Philip was proclaimed king Philip VI. Blanche was the only child of Charles IV to make it out of childhood (Marie died at 14). He was crowned in Reims in May.
His ascension meant the loss of Navarre from the French kings. Unlike France, the throne of Navarre did not follow salic law. He was neither a descendent or heir of the throne of Navarre. The throne instead passed to Joan II of Navarre. Joan was a niece of Charles IV. Her father had been Charles' elder brother, Louis X. Louis had no sons so the throne of France and Navarre had passed to his younger brothers, eventually Charles IV. When her father died, the throne of Navarre had passed over Joan, but with the death of her Uncle, it reverted to her. Her ascension to the throne ended a fifty year union of the two thrones.
His initial friendship with his rival for the throne Edward III soured quickly over the issue of Aquitaine. He had also given David II of Scotland refuge in France. When Edward in return offered shelter of Robert of Artois, an enemy of Philip, war ensued. It was the start of the hundred years war.
Unfortunately for him the war was costly in money and lives. He was refused money to try and invade England. 1348 the Black death hit the country killing 1/3 of the population including his wife. This caused major labor shortage and financial issues. Philip's second marriage, to his son's betrothed wife, caused a huge political rift.
He died at Coulombes Abbey, Eure-et-Loir. He was buried with his first wife at Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by John II. He was 57.
He was married twice. His first wife was known as Joan the Lame. Joan was the daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy. Joan's mother Agnes was a daughter of Louis IX of France (she was a sister of Philip's grandfather Philip III). The couple had three children who reached adulthood.
-John: succeeded his father as John II. Known as John the Good. He was married twice. With Bonne of Luxembourg he had 7 children who reached adulthood including Charles V. His second wife Joanna I of Auvergne bore him three children but they all died shortly after birth.
-Marie: married the eldest son of John III, Duke of Brabant, John. She died shortly after. Her husband died young as well, and it was John's sister Joanna who would succeed John III.
-Philip: was made Duke of Orleans. He was married to Blanche, Charles IV's daughter who was born after he died. The couple had no children.
His second marriage was to Blanche of Navarre in 1350. He was 57 and his bride was 20. Blanche was the daughter of Joan II of Navarre. She was betrothed to his son John first but she caught the attention of Philip who married her instead. Sadly both John and Philip had been widowed the previous year, both Joan and her daughter in law Bonne had fallen victim to the plague. John would marry his second wife Joanna in February 1350 (herself a widow of the Duke of Burgundy with whom she had 2 living children) less then a month after his father married Blanche. But his father marrying Blanche caused a major rift between father and son.
Blanche, like Charles IV's wife, was pregnant when her husband died. And like Jeanne, she gave birth to a posthumous daughter.
-Joan: was born 9 months after her father died. She was betrothed to John, the heir of Peter IV of Aragon. She died on route to Aragon on her way to marry him when she was 20.
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Philippe VI mother Marguerite d'Anjou,was Countess of both Anjou and Maine in her own right,following her death in 1299 it was administered by her husband and later passed to her son the future king and merged with the crown.
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Philippe VI mother Marguerite d'Anjou,was Countess of both Anjou and Maine in her own right,following her death in 1299 it was administered by her husband and later passed to her son the future king and merged with the crown.
Yes her father ceded the title to her as part of her dowry on their wedding.
Her father was a grandson of Louis VIII. His father Charles I was the youngest (posthumous son) of Louis. He gained Anjou when his elder brother John died, and his brother Louis IX gave him the title. Margaret was the 2nd of her father's children. Her older brother Charles was titular king of Hungary (he was chosen to succeed his maternal Uncle, their mother was Maria of Hungary). Her father was succeeded in Naples by his third son and fourth child Robert the wise. The 2nd son Louis was a bishop (later St Louis of Toulouse).
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Marguerite d'Anjou's mother Marie of Hungary was the daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and was also briefly queen of Hungary following the murder of her brother Ladislaus IV in 1290. Maria however could not uphold her claims and was ousted by her cousin Andrew.
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On this day, August 23, 1754 ~ Birth of King Louis XVI at the Palace of Versailles
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Born Louis-Auguste he was born during the reign of his grandfather Louis XV.
His was the third born son of his parents Louis, The dauphin and Maria Josepha of Saxony. His brother Xavier died in February six months before his birth. But his brother Louis Joseph was 3. Louis Joseph would die in 1761. He had two younger brothers the future Louis XVIII and Charles X and three sisters.
His father died in 1765 so when his grandfather died in 1774, he became king.
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He was styled Duc de Berry up until his fathers death in 1765 when he became the Dauphin of France.His mother,Marie-Josèphe de Saxe died 2 years later in 1767 aged just 35.
Louis Auguste,Duc de Berry as a young boy
Louis Auguste,Duc de Berry as a young boy
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24 August 1393 - Birth of future Arthur III de Bretagne,Duke of Brittany ,Count of Dreux ,Étampes ,Montfort , Ivry and Baron de Parthenay .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_III,_Duke_of_Brittany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_III,_Duke_of_Brittany
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On this day, August 25, 1270 ~ Demise of King Louis IX of France
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August 27, 1669 birth of Anne Marie D'Orleans, Queen of Sardinia.
She was also the maternal grandmother of Louis XV.
Anne was the daughter of Philippe I, Duke of Orleans. Through her father she was the granddaughter of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. Her mother was Philippe's first wife Princess Henrietta of England. Though her mother she was the granddaughter of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of England. She was the last of her mother's eight pregnancies (5 ended in miscarriage or stillbirth). At the time of her birth her only living sibling was her parents' first child Marie Louise who was seven. Her brother Philippe Charles had died at 2 in 1666. Maria Louise would go on to marry Charles II of Spain but had no children.
Her mother died in June 1670 when she was only 10 months old. Her father remarried to 19 year old Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine in 1671. Elizabeth was a loving stepmother and very close to both girls. Elizabeth bore three of her own children to Philippe. Her first son Alexandre died at 3, but like her predecessor Elizabeth bore 2 children to reach adulthood. Her second son Philippe would succeed his father as Duke of Orleans and marry Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Légitimée de France, with whom he had eight children. Their daughter Elisabeth Charlotte would marry Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and have 15 children.
Her Uncle Louis XIV wished to strengthen France's ties to the Italian states. He arranged his niece's marriage to her third cousin Victor Amadeus II of Savoy. Her Uncle was a close ally of Victor's mother Marie Jeanne. The bride was 14 and her groom was 17.
Their marriage was held by proxy in Versailles April 10, 1684. Her cousin the Duke of Maine stood proxy for the groom. Louis gave her a dowry of 900,000 livres. She met her husband at Chambéry on May 6, having been accompanied by the wife of François Marie, Prince of Lillebonne on the journey. Francois was a cousin of her father. They were married by the archbishop at the castle there and 2 days later made the trip to Turin.
The marriage in part was arranged by Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes who was a mistress of her husband until 1700. The woman bore Victor two children. But the marriage seemed well enough, producing 6 children (3 who reached adulthood). When her husband fell ill with smallpox she nursed him herself.
She became quite close to her mother in law who was still a power at court. This bond between his wife and mother was not viewed well by her husband. When her husband severed ties with France in 1690, she accompanied her mother in law when she left Turin in protest (she was still a huge supporter of the French alliance), and took their children with her. When her brother and the Spanish attacked Turin, her and her sons had to flee to Genoa.
Her husband became King of Sicily in 1713 when peace was finally achieved. Her stepmother wrote of her pride in knowing Anne would be a queen. her husband had not planned to take her to Sicily but he feared his mother's power over her, if he left her behind as regent. So she was crowned next to her husband in Sicily.
The couple both suffered great depression on the death of their eldest son in 1715 and his mother stepped in as regent during the time. In 1720 her husband was forced to give up Sicily and accept Sardinia instead. But he got to keep the title of King, making her the first queen consort of Sardinia.
Though she had use of other homes, her main home was her villa outside of Turin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi
She died at the villa from heart failure in 1728 on the day before her 59th birthday. She was buried at the Basilica of Superga where all her children but two daughters would be buried.
Victor would remarry Anna Canalis di Cumiana. He abdicated after his marriage became public, in favor of his son. When he tried to reclaim his throne, his son had him arrested and his wife temporarily housed in a home for former prostitutes (though she was allowed to rejoin him). He died in 1732 and wished to be buried at the same Basilica as Anne but his son refused to allow it and he was buried at Convent of San Giuseppe di Carignano. His wife was sent to a convent where she died.
Anne Marie and Victor's children:
-Marie Adelaide: was sent to France for her education and married at 12 to the Duke of Burgundy. Louis's father and her mother were cousins (his father was the son of Louis XIV). The couple died from the measles during the life time of his grandfather, so never were more Dauphin. They were the parents of Louis XV (2 older sons died young). Unlike her parents' marriage, theirs was one of love, and when she died from measles, her husband caught them from nursing her, and died six days later.
-Maria Anna: died age three
-Maria Luisa Gabriela: married Philip V of Spain. Bore her husband four sons, 2 of whom reached adulthood. Both would serve as king, Louis I and Ferdinand VI. The couple had no grandchildren, and her son Ferdinand was succeeded by a half brother Charles from Philip's second marriage.
-Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont: died at age 15. Originally buried in the cathedral but later at the basilica his mother is buried in (built by his father). He died from smallpox.
-Charles Emmanuel: succeeded his father as King of Sardinia during his life time. He married three times, but all three wives died before their 30th birthday. Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach died shortly after giving birth to her only child at 19, a son Vittorio who died in infancy. Princess Polyxena of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg died at 29 and bore him 6 children, four who made it to adulthood including his successor Victor Amadeus III. Princess Elisabeth Thérèse of Lorraine died just short of 30 and bore 3 children but only her youngest son made it to adulthood.
-Emanuele Philibert of Savoy: died after less then 3 weeks of life.
Anne and her line inherited the Jacobite claim to the throne following the death of Bonnie Prince Charlie and his brother.
She was also the maternal grandmother of Louis XV.
Anne was the daughter of Philippe I, Duke of Orleans. Through her father she was the granddaughter of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. Her mother was Philippe's first wife Princess Henrietta of England. Though her mother she was the granddaughter of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of England. She was the last of her mother's eight pregnancies (5 ended in miscarriage or stillbirth). At the time of her birth her only living sibling was her parents' first child Marie Louise who was seven. Her brother Philippe Charles had died at 2 in 1666. Maria Louise would go on to marry Charles II of Spain but had no children.
Her mother died in June 1670 when she was only 10 months old. Her father remarried to 19 year old Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine in 1671. Elizabeth was a loving stepmother and very close to both girls. Elizabeth bore three of her own children to Philippe. Her first son Alexandre died at 3, but like her predecessor Elizabeth bore 2 children to reach adulthood. Her second son Philippe would succeed his father as Duke of Orleans and marry Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Légitimée de France, with whom he had eight children. Their daughter Elisabeth Charlotte would marry Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and have 15 children.
Her Uncle Louis XIV wished to strengthen France's ties to the Italian states. He arranged his niece's marriage to her third cousin Victor Amadeus II of Savoy. Her Uncle was a close ally of Victor's mother Marie Jeanne. The bride was 14 and her groom was 17.
Their marriage was held by proxy in Versailles April 10, 1684. Her cousin the Duke of Maine stood proxy for the groom. Louis gave her a dowry of 900,000 livres. She met her husband at Chambéry on May 6, having been accompanied by the wife of François Marie, Prince of Lillebonne on the journey. Francois was a cousin of her father. They were married by the archbishop at the castle there and 2 days later made the trip to Turin.
The marriage in part was arranged by Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes who was a mistress of her husband until 1700. The woman bore Victor two children. But the marriage seemed well enough, producing 6 children (3 who reached adulthood). When her husband fell ill with smallpox she nursed him herself.
She became quite close to her mother in law who was still a power at court. This bond between his wife and mother was not viewed well by her husband. When her husband severed ties with France in 1690, she accompanied her mother in law when she left Turin in protest (she was still a huge supporter of the French alliance), and took their children with her. When her brother and the Spanish attacked Turin, her and her sons had to flee to Genoa.
Her husband became King of Sicily in 1713 when peace was finally achieved. Her stepmother wrote of her pride in knowing Anne would be a queen. her husband had not planned to take her to Sicily but he feared his mother's power over her, if he left her behind as regent. So she was crowned next to her husband in Sicily.
The couple both suffered great depression on the death of their eldest son in 1715 and his mother stepped in as regent during the time. In 1720 her husband was forced to give up Sicily and accept Sardinia instead. But he got to keep the title of King, making her the first queen consort of Sardinia.
Though she had use of other homes, her main home was her villa outside of Turin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzina_di_caccia_of_Stupinigi
She died at the villa from heart failure in 1728 on the day before her 59th birthday. She was buried at the Basilica of Superga where all her children but two daughters would be buried.
Victor would remarry Anna Canalis di Cumiana. He abdicated after his marriage became public, in favor of his son. When he tried to reclaim his throne, his son had him arrested and his wife temporarily housed in a home for former prostitutes (though she was allowed to rejoin him). He died in 1732 and wished to be buried at the same Basilica as Anne but his son refused to allow it and he was buried at Convent of San Giuseppe di Carignano. His wife was sent to a convent where she died.
Anne Marie and Victor's children:
-Marie Adelaide: was sent to France for her education and married at 12 to the Duke of Burgundy. Louis's father and her mother were cousins (his father was the son of Louis XIV). The couple died from the measles during the life time of his grandfather, so never were more Dauphin. They were the parents of Louis XV (2 older sons died young). Unlike her parents' marriage, theirs was one of love, and when she died from measles, her husband caught them from nursing her, and died six days later.
-Maria Anna: died age three
-Maria Luisa Gabriela: married Philip V of Spain. Bore her husband four sons, 2 of whom reached adulthood. Both would serve as king, Louis I and Ferdinand VI. The couple had no grandchildren, and her son Ferdinand was succeeded by a half brother Charles from Philip's second marriage.
-Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont: died at age 15. Originally buried in the cathedral but later at the basilica his mother is buried in (built by his father). He died from smallpox.
-Charles Emmanuel: succeeded his father as King of Sardinia during his life time. He married three times, but all three wives died before their 30th birthday. Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach died shortly after giving birth to her only child at 19, a son Vittorio who died in infancy. Princess Polyxena of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg died at 29 and bore him 6 children, four who made it to adulthood including his successor Victor Amadeus III. Princess Elisabeth Thérèse of Lorraine died just short of 30 and bore 3 children but only her youngest son made it to adulthood.
-Emanuele Philibert of Savoy: died after less then 3 weeks of life.
Anne and her line inherited the Jacobite claim to the throne following the death of Bonnie Prince Charlie and his brother.
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I had forgotten about the Catholic Stuart/Jacobite connection and Anne Marie d'Orléans.I wonder what sort of relationship she had with her cousins Mary and Anne daughters of her uncle ,James II?
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I had forgotten about the Catholic Stuart/Jacobite connection and Anne Marie d'Orléans.I wonder what sort of relationship she had with her cousins Mary and Anne daughters of her uncle ,James II?
I am not sure how much contact she would have had with any of them.
Queen Anne did live in the same household as her, but when Anne Marie was a new born. Queen Anne had been sent to France to live with Queen Henrietta Maria because of her health. After her grandmother died, she entered the household of her aunt, Henrietta in 1669. Anne Marie would have been about a month old when her cousin entered their home. But Henrietta died 10 months after Anne Marie's birth. At that point Anne who was 15 returned back to England. Mary remained in England until her marriage to William and her time in the Netherlands.
Due to her mother's death when she was a baby, Anne Marie never had a chance to accompany her mother to England for visits.
Her older sister Marie Louise would have had more of a relationship. She spent a lot of her early years with her grandmothers, Anne of Austria and Henrietta Maria. During her stays with Henrietta Maria, she would have had contact with Anne.
It is possible later in life she may have had contact with her much younger cousin James Francis Edward Stuart. He was living in Italy after 1720, and he may have crossed paths with his cousin but I am not certain. He was 18 years younger then her, born in 1788.
By the time James II was sent into exile after the glorious revolution, in 1688, Anne Marie was already living in Italy having married in 1684.
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Jacobite queen consorts in both Spain and Sardinia ,though Anne Marie d'Orléans lived longer than her sister and saw the arrival of the Hanoverians following the death of queen Anne.
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Marie Louise died even before Mary was crowned queen.
James was deposed December 23, 1688. Marie Louise died February 12 1689. Mary and William had their coronation in April. Since Marie Louise had no children, her Jacobite claim passed to her sister.
After Anne died in 1714 there were only two grandchildren left of Charles I, her and James Frances Stuart. With James as pretender to the throne after Anne's death, Anne Marie was the heir to the Jacobite claim. She was displaced when Bonnie prince Charlie was born in 1720. When Charlie's brother died in 1807, the Jacobite claim passed back to Anne Marie's line.
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia became heir-general after Henry's death. He was a frequent visitor of Henry's. He was Anne Marie's great-grandson.
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The deposed Jacobites certainly had an extended family throughout the Catholic courts of Europe!
They had some interesting Protestant connections too!
Through her Lutheran grandmother (Maria Dorothea of Wurttemberg, wife of Archduke Joseph), the Jacobite pretender Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Queen Consort of Bavaria) was a descendant of King George II. George's wife, the staunchly Protestant Queen Caroline, was Maria Theresa's matrilineal or "mother line" ancestor.
The Wurttemberg line also made Maria Theresa a second cousin of Queen Mary, wife of King George V.
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The Protestant connections would probably have had very little interaction with them other than being a blood relative where as most of them lived or were married into the Catholic houses.
Did Maria Dorothea of Württemberg convert to Catholicism at marriage?
Did Maria Dorothea of Württemberg convert to Catholicism at marriage?
Yes, you're probably right. Its unlikely that Maria Theresa had much contact with her Protestant cousins. Different social circles.
Maria Dorothea remained a Lutheran. One source says this about her:
"[FONT="]As a member of the Protestant House of Wurttemberg, the Archduchess brought with her the Wurttemberg Pietism of Albrecht Brengel, and proved to be the most important ally of Hungarian Protestants in Budapest, and a voice for them in the strongly Catholic Habsburg Imperial Court. Kool repeats the judgment of a contemporary Hungarian Lutheran Church Historian, Tibor Fabiny, that her arrival in Hungary marked “the beginning of a new era in Hungarian Protestantism.”"[/FONT]
[FONT="]
[/FONT][FONT="] Source: [/FONT]George Alex Kish, The Origins of the Baptist Movement Among the Hungarians (Brill, 2012), p. 27, note 32.
In addition to being the maternal grandmother of Maria Theresa Queen Consort of Bavaria, Maria Dorothea was also the mother of Queen Marie Henriette of Belgium and the maternal grandmother of Queen Maria Christina of Spain (Maria Christina was Maria Theresa's half-sister).
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Poor Maria Theresa must have put up with some obstacles being married into the ultra Catholic Habsburg dynasty.It must be one of the few rare inter faith marriages in the Imperial Family.
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No doubt for Maria Dorothea, being married into a catholic monarchy but not converting would not have been an easy adjustment. Her husband though didn't seem to have an issue with marrying non Catholics and them staying that way. His first wife Grand Duchess Alexandra was allowed to remain Russian Orthodox. His second wife was Dorothea's first cousin Princess Hermin of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym who was a Calvinist. I couldn't find anything about her having converted, and since both his first and third wife didn't, I doubt she would have been pressured to.
Maria Theresa is the great-grandmother of the current Jacobite claimant.
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September 1, 1588 birth of Henri, Prince of Conde.
His father was Henri I, Prince of Conde. And his mother was Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille. His maternal grandparents were Louis III de La Trémoille and Jeanne de Montmorency, Duke and Duchess of Thouars. His paternal grandparents were Louis I de Bourbon and Eléanor de Roye. Both Louis and Henri were hugenot generals. He had one sister Eleanore who would marry Philip William, Prince of Orange. He also had an older half sister Catherine from his father's first marriage to Marie of Cleves. Catherine would die unmarried at 21.
He was born while his mother was imprisoned at castle at Saint-Jean-d'Angély. His mother had been charged and convicted of the murder of his father. Her husband had been recovering from injuries he got in battle and when he died there was suspicion he was poisoned. Charlotte was condemned to death but she appealed her conviction. She remained in prison for six years.
He was recognized several weeks after his birth as Prince of Condi by Henry III. Henry III died in 1589 and Henri's godfather became Henry IV. Henry IV was childless at the time, and his closest male relative was young Henri. Henry IV and Henry I of Conde were first cousins, they were both the grandsons of Charles, Duke of Vendome. Henry IV's father was Charles' second son Antoine. Henry I of Conde's father was Charles' 12th child Louis.
He was recognized as a prince of the blood and was heir presumptive until he was 12, ending with the birth of Louis XIII. His godfather saw to him being raised catholic despite his Calvinist baptism. This was on the insistence of the Pope, as both his father and grandfather had been leading Hugenot generals. Louis XIII came to the throne in 1610. With the death of his brother Nicholas, Henri moved up to second in line for the throne, behind Louis' remaining brother Gaston, Duke of Orleans. He remained so until 1638 and the birth of Louis XIII's eldest son.
In 1609 he was married to Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency. Charlotte was the daughter of Henri de Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency. Charlotte would inherit her father's title when her brother Henry was executed for intrigues against Cardinal Richelieu.
The couple were given the Hotel Conde by his godfather's widow Marie de Medici.It was the main home of the Conde family until 1764.
History would repeat itself. He and his wife were imprisoned in Château of Vincennes because of their opposition to Marshal d'Ancre. They spent three years imprisoned there. Like Henry's mother, his wife gave birth in prison, in their case to their eldest child and only daughter.
It seemed the king had an eye for his wife, and Henry and Charlotte left France and traveled to Brussels and Milan. The couple were part of the war of Julich Succession which led in part to the 30 years war.
They did return to France and Henry would die at 58 December 26, 1646 at the Hotel Conde. Charlotte would die four years later in the Loire region.
The couple had three children. All three were involved in the Fronde.
-Anne Geneviève de Bourbon: born while her parents were prisoners. Married to Henri, Duke of Longueville. Her love though for Duke of La Rochefoucauld led her to bring her brothers and others into the Fronde. She actually is largely responsible for starting the second Fronde. She bore her husband four children. She was his 2nd wife (he was twice her age). When she died her eldest brother saw her buried in full splendor.
-Louis: was known as the Grande Conde. Succeeded his father as Louis II. Married Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé. They had one son who didn't die in infancy. He was nearly captured during the Second Fronde but was saved by the Duchess of Montpensier who persuaded the Parisian citizens to open the gates to allow him to escape. He retreated to the estate left to him by his mother's brother and eventually made peace with Louis XIV. He was involved in some future military actions but spend the last 11 years of life quietly at his Uncle's estate.
-Armand: He was named Prince of Conti. He went to prison for the Fronde with his brother and brother in law where he reportedly went a bid mad. He eventually became reconciled with Cardinal Mazarin and was married to his niece Anne Marie Martinozzi. He was military leader until 1657 when he retired to study mysticism until his death. He and Anne Marie had 2 sons who reached adulthood. His eldest son died childless, and the title eventually passed to his younger son Francois Louis who was known as the Grand Conti
His father was Henri I, Prince of Conde. And his mother was Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille. His maternal grandparents were Louis III de La Trémoille and Jeanne de Montmorency, Duke and Duchess of Thouars. His paternal grandparents were Louis I de Bourbon and Eléanor de Roye. Both Louis and Henri were hugenot generals. He had one sister Eleanore who would marry Philip William, Prince of Orange. He also had an older half sister Catherine from his father's first marriage to Marie of Cleves. Catherine would die unmarried at 21.
He was born while his mother was imprisoned at castle at Saint-Jean-d'Angély. His mother had been charged and convicted of the murder of his father. Her husband had been recovering from injuries he got in battle and when he died there was suspicion he was poisoned. Charlotte was condemned to death but she appealed her conviction. She remained in prison for six years.
He was recognized several weeks after his birth as Prince of Condi by Henry III. Henry III died in 1589 and Henri's godfather became Henry IV. Henry IV was childless at the time, and his closest male relative was young Henri. Henry IV and Henry I of Conde were first cousins, they were both the grandsons of Charles, Duke of Vendome. Henry IV's father was Charles' second son Antoine. Henry I of Conde's father was Charles' 12th child Louis.
He was recognized as a prince of the blood and was heir presumptive until he was 12, ending with the birth of Louis XIII. His godfather saw to him being raised catholic despite his Calvinist baptism. This was on the insistence of the Pope, as both his father and grandfather had been leading Hugenot generals. Louis XIII came to the throne in 1610. With the death of his brother Nicholas, Henri moved up to second in line for the throne, behind Louis' remaining brother Gaston, Duke of Orleans. He remained so until 1638 and the birth of Louis XIII's eldest son.
In 1609 he was married to Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency. Charlotte was the daughter of Henri de Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency. Charlotte would inherit her father's title when her brother Henry was executed for intrigues against Cardinal Richelieu.
The couple were given the Hotel Conde by his godfather's widow Marie de Medici.It was the main home of the Conde family until 1764.
History would repeat itself. He and his wife were imprisoned in Château of Vincennes because of their opposition to Marshal d'Ancre. They spent three years imprisoned there. Like Henry's mother, his wife gave birth in prison, in their case to their eldest child and only daughter.
It seemed the king had an eye for his wife, and Henry and Charlotte left France and traveled to Brussels and Milan. The couple were part of the war of Julich Succession which led in part to the 30 years war.
They did return to France and Henry would die at 58 December 26, 1646 at the Hotel Conde. Charlotte would die four years later in the Loire region.
The couple had three children. All three were involved in the Fronde.
-Anne Geneviève de Bourbon: born while her parents were prisoners. Married to Henri, Duke of Longueville. Her love though for Duke of La Rochefoucauld led her to bring her brothers and others into the Fronde. She actually is largely responsible for starting the second Fronde. She bore her husband four children. She was his 2nd wife (he was twice her age). When she died her eldest brother saw her buried in full splendor.
-Louis: was known as the Grande Conde. Succeeded his father as Louis II. Married Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé. They had one son who didn't die in infancy. He was nearly captured during the Second Fronde but was saved by the Duchess of Montpensier who persuaded the Parisian citizens to open the gates to allow him to escape. He retreated to the estate left to him by his mother's brother and eventually made peace with Louis XIV. He was involved in some future military actions but spend the last 11 years of life quietly at his Uncle's estate.
-Armand: He was named Prince of Conti. He went to prison for the Fronde with his brother and brother in law where he reportedly went a bid mad. He eventually became reconciled with Cardinal Mazarin and was married to his niece Anne Marie Martinozzi. He was military leader until 1657 when he retired to study mysticism until his death. He and Anne Marie had 2 sons who reached adulthood. His eldest son died childless, and the title eventually passed to his younger son Francois Louis who was known as the Grand Conti
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Henri,Prince de Conde's mother,Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille came from 2 of the oldest noble houses in France ,her maternal grandfather was the ultra Catholic royalist Duke of Montmorency who was killed fighting the Huguenots in 1567.
Despite this Charlotte embraced her husbands Calvinist faith but later abjured and reconverted to Catholicism.
Despite this Charlotte embraced her husbands Calvinist faith but later abjured and reconverted to Catholicism.
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She was first cousins with her daughter in law. Her ultra catholic grandfather Ann, Duke of Montmorency had 6 children who reached adulthood. His daughter Jeanne was mother of Charlotte Catherine. His 2nd son Henri (who succeeded his childless older brother) was Charlotte Marguerite's father.
Charlotte Marguerite's father was not only six years younger then Jeanne, but he was 60 when his daughter was born, which explains the age difference between the two cousins. MIL was 26 years older (Catherine was born in 1568 and Margurite was born in 1594) then her cousin/daughter in law.
Her DIL/cousin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charl.../File:Charlotte_Marguerite_de_Montmorency.jpg
