On This Day: British Royal Family


If you have answers, please help by responding to the unanswered posts.
29 June 1509 -Death of Lady Margaret Beaufort ,Countess of Richmond and Derby at the Deanery of Westminster Abbey.The mother of Henry VII is buried at the Henry VII Chapel of Westminster Abbey.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort

Tudor Tombs and Burials

318px-BeaufortLadyM_CU_SJ_170sm.jpg
 
What a pity it was pulled down,must have such an impressive residence :previous:

Upon further reading about her parentage I discovered that Lady Margaret's parents John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somersetand Margaret Beauchamp,Duchess of Somerset and Lady Wellesare are both buried buried at Wimborne Minster in Dorset .

Tomb still preserved.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...ufort_Grave.jpg/790px-John_Beaufort_Grave.jpg
 
Wimborne is lovely & a former royal estate.

It's a shame the palace did not survive. Cecil's Burghley House is nearby of course, a palace in all but name.
 
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I had forgotten that Lady Margaret's parents were the Duke and Duchess of Somerset.
 
One her last acts was the negotiations for the Secret Treaty of Dover in June 1670 between her brother Charles II and brother inlaw ,Louis XIV .
The Duchess of of Orléans died only a few weeks later.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Treaty_of_Dover

Less then 2 weeks. She arrived home June 18

July 1, 1348- death of Princess Joan, daughter of Edward III.

Joan set sail for Castile to marry Peter of Castile, son of of Alfonso XI. She left home in the summer of 1348. Unfortunately when they landed in Bordeaux which had an extreme out break of the black plague. Their group didn't think to leave the area until a few members started to fall ill. Joan was moved to a small village of Loremo. Unfortunately Joan could not out run the disease and suffered a short violent bout before the died from it.

She was buried at Cathedral of Saint Mary of Bayonne but in October her father sent for her body to be returned home. Her statue stands on the south side of her father's tomb in Westminster.


Her death was a shock in England. the plague was just starting to hit England and she was one of the first real cases. It also was a shock that a member of the royal family would die from it

Peter's daughters from his first wife, Constance and Isabella would later marry her brothers John and Edmund.
 
It would have been incendiary if the treaty had become public knowledge.

A Catholic conspiracy ,Charles II would have been in serious hot water.
 
July 6, 1868 birth of Princess Victoria of Great Britain.

She was 4th of 6 children (and second daughter) of the future Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. She was born during the reign of her grandmother Victoria.

Her siblings:
-Albert Victor: died of influenza caused pneumonia in 1892. Was engaged to Mary of Teck at the time.
-George: succeeded his father as George V. Married Mary of Teck. 6 kids.
-Louise: married Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife. Had a stillborn son and 2 daughters. Her husband was succeeded by their eldest Alexandra.
-Maud: married Haakon VII of Norway. mother of Olav V.
-Alexander John: died within a day of life

Her full name was Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary. She was baptized at Marlborough house August 6.

Her godparents:
-her grandmother Victoria
-Emperor Alexander II of Russia
-the future Alexander III of Russia (her uncle by marriage)
-Prince Arthur (her uncle)
-Prince Louis of Hesse and by the Rhine (uncle by marriage)
-Prince George of Hesse-Cassel (her great-uncle)
-Queen Olga of Greece (aunt by marriage)
-dowager queen Caroline Amalie of Denmark
-Princess Marie of Hesse-Kassel Dowager Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
-Mary Adelaide of Cambridge,mother of Victoria's future sister in law Mary
-Her Highness Princess Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau

Victoria would have been for her grandmother/godmother. Alexandra for her mother but also a nod to two of her godfathers. And Olga and Mary for her godmothers Queen Olga and Mary Adelaide. She was called Torie.

She spent her childhood between Marlburough house and Sandringham, and was very close to George. She was educated at home by private tutors. She served as a bridesmaid when Princess Beatrice married Henry of Battenberg, and later when her brother George married Mary.

Though she was considered as a bride for Carlos I of Portugal, she was never married or had children (the only sibling who did not). It is suggested her mother discouraged her from marrying. Carlos would marry Princess Amelie of Orleans and have three children before being assassinated.

Victoria was very close to her parents especially her mother who she remained with until Alexandra died in 1925. She set up her home at Coppins, in Buckinghamshire following the death of her mother. She retained the home until her death at which time she left it to her nephew the Duke of Kent. It was home to the Kents until they sold it in 1972.

Her last years of life were plagued with illness. She suffered from migraines, depression, influenze, indigestion and colds. She died December 3, 1935 at her home at the age of 67. She was the 4th sibling to die (George and Maud out lived her).


Her funeral was December 7 at St George's Chapel. She was originally buried at the chapel but then moved to the Frogmore burial grounds.


Her death was said to have hit George quite bad, and he died less then 2 months later, January 20, 1936.

 
Coppins in Buckinghamshire always looked like a nice country retreat :previous:
 
Yes indeed. Very homely. Similar is size to Frogmore Cottage or York Cottage maybe?

It made a lovely home for the Kents.

Btw - I'm pretty certain that the brief bit at the start of the clip refers to Commander Loftus Jones VC if anyone is interested.?
 
Yes indeed. Very homely. Similar is size to Frogmore Cottage or York Cottage maybe?

It made a lovely home for the Kents.

Btw - I'm pretty certain that the brief bit at the start of the clip refers to Commander Loftus Jones VC if anyone is interested.?

I am not sure how large York is, but certainly larger then Frogmore. By report Coppins has six reception rooms, and at least 6 bedrooms and a nursery (sounds like master may not have been included in 6 count so perhaps 7).

The Esoteric Curiosa: A New Kind Of Duchess Takes Up Residence At Her New Country Estate; The White Rose Of York And Her New Home Of Coppins!


July 8, 975 Death of King Edgard of England, known as the Peaceful.

Edgar was the son of Edmund I 'the Elder' and his first wife Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury. He had an elder brother Eadwig. He was born in 943. He was three when his father died in 946. Their father had been stabbed to death, and was succeeded by his brother Eadred since both of his sons were minors. Eadred was a bachelor though and when he died, Eadwig succeeded his Uncle's throne at the age of 15 in 955.

His brother ruled for four years but the country was greatly divided in the time. Many of the powerful nobles like Kent and Northumberland supported Edgar over his older brother. To avoid the country falling into civil war it was decided the country would be divided, with Edgar named king of everything north of the Thames river, and his brother retaining the south.

When his brother died October 1 959 Edgar was crowned king of a reunited country. His brother's marriage had been annulled and produced no heirs.

He recalled Dunstan, a bishop of Glastonbury who had been an advisor to both his father and Uncle. Dunstan had been exiled by his brother as he had come in conflict with the head strong young king. Edgar named Dunstan the Bishop of Winchester and eventually the Archbishop of Canterbury. Like his father and grandfather he recognized the strength of the man's counsel.

Edgar was not a peaceful man himself but his reign was one mainly of peace. The country was reunified during his reign. His rules of governance at court and measurement were so well adopted, that when Canute took the throne, the Danes made note of keeping Edgar's laws in place.

He was crowned in 973 at Bath. His wife was anointed queen at the same time which was a first, it set a precedence for queens being crowned in England. It was an important symbolic event as six junior kings including the King of Scots and King of Strathcylde attended and swore an oath to him as their liege lord.


He died in Winchester. He was buried at Glastonbury abbey.


Unlike his Uncle and brother, he was married and had children. He had married three times, and left two sons and a daughter when he died.

His first wife was Æthelflæd the White, daughter of Ordmaer, Ealdorman of the East Anglians. She died around 962. She bore him one son.

-Edward: succeeded his father as Edward 'the martyr'. He ruled from 975-978 when he was murdered. His short reign was contested as many supported his brother instead. He is recognized as a saint by the Orthodox, Catholic and Anglican churches and considered a passion-bearer by the Orthodox church.

After her death he abducted Wulfthryth of Wilton from her abbey. They lived together for two years and had a daughter. Its unclear if they ever married. He eventually returned her to her convent, as well as their daughter. Both mother and daughter are recognized as saints.

-Edith: known as Saint Edith of Wilton. She was raised at Wilton abbey where her mother became abbess after her return (Edgar continued to support the abbey in penance for abducting her mother). She died in 984 and was like her mother and half-brother, canonized.

His second/possibly third wife was Alfrida. She was a widow of Æthelwald, Ealdorman of East Anglia. Rumor has it her first husband had been sent by Edgar to negotiate his marriage to Alfrida but fell in love with her himself and married her. He was killed in a hunting accident as revenge, and Edgar wed her. This may be fiction though. Alfrida was the wife who was crowned queen by his side. They wed in either 964 or 965. She bore two sons.

-Edmund: died around age four.
-Æthelred: succeeded as Æthelred II 'the unready'. Married Ælfgifu of York and later Emma of Normandy. He had 10 children from his first marriage and three with his second. Edmund Ironside was his son by his first wife, Edward the confessor was his son by his second wife. His widow Emma would marry Canute of Denmark.

Alfrida out lived her husband and when her son came to the throne, following the death of his half-brother she would serve as regent for a time for Aethelred was a minor still.
 
July 10, 1451 Birth of James III of Scotland.

He was the son of James II who had succeeded the throne in 1437 at age 7 when his father James I was assassinated. His mother was Mary of Guelders, a daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders, and Catherine of Cleves. He was the second born of their seven children.

His siblings:
-an unnamed son that died the day he was born
-Mary: married twice. With her first husband Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran, she had 2 children. And by her second husband James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton she had three children. James was 40 years her senior, but 2 of their children were born before they were married (legitimized after by the Pope). The Hamiltons Earls of Arran and the Stewart Earls of Lennox take their claim to the Scottish throne through her children from her second husband.
-Alexander: Duke of Albany. Attempted to depose his brother twice, once with the aid of Edward IV. He died in a duel in France. His first wife Katherine was a daughter of William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney. They had two children. His second wife Anne was daughter of Bertrand VI, Count of Auvergne and their son John succeeded him as Duke of Albany.
-Margaret: never married but was mistress to William Crichton, 3rd Lord Crichton of Auchingoul. William took her as mistress in anger over James making William's wife his mistress. They had a daughter Margaret who married George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes and had seven children before he divorced her. He was her third husband.
-David: Earl of Moray. he died at age 2.
-John: Earl of Mar. He died at age 20 after being imprisoned on accusations of treason. His death was suspicious and it is believed was likely on orders of his brother James.


He was born either at Stirling or St Andrews its not clear. His father was killed in 1460 while sieging Roxburgh castle, one of the only castles still controlled by England since the war of independence. He was killed from one of his artillery guns misfiring when he stood next to it. A week after his father was killed, on August 10 he was crowned king at Kelso Abbey. At 9, he was only 2 years older then his father was when he became king.

During his minority the country was run by three factions. First his mother Mary, later Bishop Kennedy and his brother Gilbert Kennedy (they were children of Princess Mary of Scotland, a daughter of Robert III. Mary was a sister of James I). And later by Robert, Lord Boyd. His mother had died in 1463.


The Boyds were extremely unpopular. Robert married his son Thomas to James' sister Mary and had him named Earl of Arran. Their one success was arranging his marriage to Margaret of Denmark. Margaret was the daughter of Christian I and sister of John and Frederick I. Her dowry included the ending of payments of taxes on the western isles, and return of Orkney and the Shetlands. James reclaimed the islands in full and 1472 Scotland reached its greatest size ever.


James fell out with the Boyds over their marriage of Thomas to Mary. Mary and Thomas were away on diplomacy at the time, the marriage annulled later. James had the family of Alexander Boyd executed. James also took on the powerful lord of the Isles in his time, confiscating the man's lands when he refused to come to Edinburgh. He eventually reclaimed most of his lands and power through the king.


He attempted peace with England. There was a suggestion of a marriage between his son James and Cecily of York. The alliance ended when Edward IV supported his brother Albany in attempting to take his throne. They invaded with Albany, including the future Richard III, naming him Alexander IV. James was imprisoned at Edinburgh castle but the English after failing to take the city and running out of money returned back to England.


While he was imprisoned two of his half-uncles formed a new government. By September 1482 he was freed from his prison. By December his brother's government collapsed with James having bought out many members of it. In 1483 he reduced his brother's power. Albany's attempt to claim the Earl of Mar saw him drive a powerful ally to James' side in the form of the Earl of Huntley. After the death of Edward IV in April James lost his last ally and he fled into England where he ended up imprisoned. He escaped and fled to France where he would die in a duel with the Duke of Orleans.


Despite his return to power James never changed. He refused to travel his lands to dispense justice. He was separated from his wife and was estranged from his heir. He favored his second son instead. In January 1488 he tried to get support by having his second son and four lairds named members of parliament to give him more support.


His son became the figurehead of the opposition. The powerful Home and Hephburn families as well as the earls of Angus and Argyll led the charge. James was killed when he met them at the Battle of Sauchieburn.

He was buried at Cambuskenneth Abbey where his wife later would be. The graves were restored by Queen Victoria in 1865 at her expense.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James...I_and_Queen_Margaret,_Cambuskenneth_Abbey.jpg


James and his wife had three children:
-James: succeeded his father as James IV at the age of 15. He was married to Margaret Tudor, the sister of Henry VIII and had one son who reached adulthood James V making him grandfather of Mary Queen of Scots.Three sons James, Alexander and Arthur died in infancy, and two daughters were stillborn.
-James: his father's favorite, Duke of Ross. never married. was also Archbishop of St Andrews (made it at 21 by his brother).
-John: Earl of Mar. Died at 24 unmarried.
 
July 12, 1543 marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Parr.

Henry was 52, and it was his sixth marriage. Catherine was 31 and it was her third marriage. Catherine was his second wife to have been married previously though in the case of Catherine of Aragon her marriage to Arthur had never been consummated.

Catherine was the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr, lord of the manor of Kendal in Westmorland. Her father was friends with Henry VIII and her mother Maud had served as a lady to Catherine of Aragon whom Catherine Parr was likely named after as the queen served as her godmother. Her sister Anne was married to Henry Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.


At 17 she was married to Sir Edward Burgh in 1529. His father was Baron Burgh. Her husband who was 21 was his heir but Edward died in 1532. Her in laws gave her income from some estates but they had no interest in her remaining with them or she with them, having born no children. Following his death she spent time with her relative Katherine Neville, the dowager Lady Strickland. She married a distant cousin John Neville, 3rd Baron Latimer allowing her entrance into the peerage. John was 41 when they were married in 1534, Catherine was 22. Catherine was his third wife, He had two children by his first wife.

Catherine nursed her husband until his death in 1543. She was left as guardian to his daughter Margaret and a very wealthy widow. She remained at court having renewed her relationship with her godmother's daughter Lady Mary. She was given a place in Mary's household and started a romantic friendship with Thomas Seymour. Thomas was Queen Jayne's brother. They were in love and wished to marry but she caught the eye of the king and was forced to accept his proposal instead.


The couple were married at Hampton Court Palace. Catherine barely survived her marriage, she had been warned about a warrant issued for her, and managed to make peace with Henry first. Henry died in 1547.


Catherine would go on to marry Thomas and would get pregnant in 1548 at the age of 35. Elizabeth was for a short time in her care. In June 1548 she moved to Sudeley castle with Lady Jane Grey in her care. August 30th she gave birth to her only daughter Mary Seymour (named for Lady Mary), and died of childbed fever September 5. Her funeral was on the 7th and she was buried at the chapel of the castle, the only royal to be buried at a private residence.

Her husband was executed May of the following year and Mary was taken into the care of the Dowager Duchess of Suffolk. Some records have Mary marrying and having children, and others of her dying as a child. Its not clear what happened to her.
 
So many rumours surround little Mary Seymour and what became of her,I'd assume had she died young she'd have been buried along side her mother at St Mary's Chapel, Sudeley Castle.
 
July 13, 1807 death of Henry Benedict Stuart. He was the last male line Jacobite heir to the throne.

He was the younger son of James Frances Stuart 'the old pretender' and grandson of James II. His mother was Maria Clementina Sobieska. Maria Clementina was the granddaughter of John III of Poland. His older brother was Bonnie Prince Charlie. Unlike his father and brother, Henry would never make any attempt to claim the British throne.

He was born at Palazzo Muti in Rome which had been his parents' home and center of his father's 'court in exile'. It remained home of the Stuarts until Henry died. He was baptized the next day by Pope Benedict VIII. He was born 37 years after his grandfather lost his throne, and 10 years after his father's failed attempt to claim it.

Henry was a smart child, reading and writing younger then his brother. He was also much quieter and more cautious.He showed himself to be pious from a very young age.

He was involved with his brother's attempt for the throne. He went to France in 1745. He was attached to the French army and was meant to sail with the force of 10,000 men but they never left Dunkirk. He returned to Italy after the defeat at Culloden.

In 1747 Pope Benedict XIV named him Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Campitelli and he was promoted through the four minor orders of Benedict. His brother hoped that he would make a political marriage, as cardinalate was a rank not holy orders. But September 1 1748 to the dismay of his brother, Henry was ordained as a priest. He was made cardinal-priest to allow him to main his diocese he had held, and in 1751 he was made an arch-priest of the Vatican basilica.


He was granted abbeys in France by Louis XV as amends for having to kick Charlie out of France due to a treaty. In 1758 Henry became the Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.He was made Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati on 13 July 1761.[7] He was appointed Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals on 26 September 1803, then also succeeding to the See of Ostia and Velletri. He spent many years in Frascati.

During the French revolution he lost most of his French abbeys and sacrificed more for Pope Pius VI. Losing Frascati left him in poverty but the British ambassador to Venice arranged for him to receive a pension of 4000 a year from George III. In 1792 the Vatican recognized the Hannoverian claim finally, having refused to recognize Charles and his claim to the throne as they had James. Henry refused to return to Rome after that.

In 1803 he was able to return back to France to Frascati. He had been made Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Velletri, and dean of the college of cardinals. But he chose to remain in Frascati despite his new title. He died in his episcopal palace there at the age of 82.

His brother's only child, his natural daughter Charlotte, had died in 1789. With Henry's death, the next claimant to the Jacobite succession was Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia. He was the great-great grandson of King Charles I through his daughter Henrietta.



He would have been Henry IX and I. He was referred though by the Pope as the Cardinal Duke of York.
 
July 16, 1515 Birth of Lady Frances Brandon.

Frances was the daughter of Princess Mary Tudor, the daughter of Henry VII, and sister of Henry VIII. Her father was Mary's second husband Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. Because her parents married behind her Uncle's back when her mother returned from France, the legality of their marriage and of her birth was in question for some years.

Frances was the second of four children of her parents:
-Henry: died when he was six
-Eleanor: married Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland. She bore him three children but only a daughter reached adulthood. He had 3 children including his heirs from a second wife.
-Henry: earl of Lincoln. died at age 11.

Frances also had four half-siblings, 2 from her father's first marriage and 2 from her father's third marriage after her mother died. His first wife was Anne Browne and his third wife was his ward Katherine Willoughby.

-Lady Anne (Anne's): married Edward Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of Powys and later Randal Haworth. Had no children.
-Lady Mary (Anne's): married Thomas Stanley, 2nd Baron Monteagle and had six children.
-Henry (Katherine): died at age 15 while away at college from sweating sickness. Was 3rd Duke of Suffolk.
-Charles (Katherine): died at 14 and was 4th Duke of Suffolk for an hour before he died from the same sweating sickness as his older brother.

Due to her mother's closeness she was very close to her aunt Catherine of Aragon and childhood friends with Princess Mary.


In 1533 at the age of 18 she was married to Henry Grey, Marques of Dorset at her family home. This was the same year her mother died, and her father remarried. When her brothers died, the Duke of Suffolk would revert to the crown and was recreated for Henry Grey making Frances Duchess of Suffolk. Her first two pregnancies the babies died in infancy but she had three daughters to reach adulthood.


-Jane: would become known as Jane of the nine days. Married Lord Guildford Dudley a son of the Duke of Northumberland. Due to a will that displaced Frances' Aunt Margaret as well as Frances herself, Jane found herself placed on the throne instead of Mary. She was imprisoned after 9 days and her and her husband would be executed.
-Katherine: went to prison for marrying her husband Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford in secret. She still managed to have two sons by him.
-Mary: suffered the same fate as Katherine, being imprisoned after marrying her husband Thomas Keyes. Unfortunately unlike her sister Mary never saw her husband again and had no children.

The family made their home at a Tudor style castle known as Bradgate. She ensured her daughters were all well educated. Bishop John Aylmer was brought into the house as their chaplain and teaching Greek to Jane.


Frances was frequently at her Uncle's court. She became friends with Katherine Parr and secured her daughter Jane a place with Katherine. When Katherine left court to remarry, Jane accompanied her. Katherine's husband became Jane's guardian and kept custody of her after his wife's death with plans to marry her to Edward. The young king though didn't trust his uncle. Jane eventually was married off to Guilford Dudley and the plot to have her named queen instead of Mary was enacted.


Edward died in 1553 on July 6. She was with her daughter in the tower following Jane being proclaimed queen on the 10th. She was said to have had a calming affect on her young daughter. Unfortunately Jane was deposed only 9 days later.


Her husband was arrested but Frances road to meet the queen. She gained an audience with the new queen and secured a pardon for her husband. The queen had planned to pardon Jane as well after her coronation believing the true blame was in Jane's father in law the Duke of Northumberland.


Unfortunately Sir Thomas Wyatt the younger led a rebellion in Jane's name and Henry joined it. Frances' husband was captured. Unfortunately Jane was now seen as too dangerous to keep alive and was beheaded February 12, 1554. Her husband was executed 11 days later. The widowed Duchess and her two remaining daughters faced ruin. She begged the queen though for mercy and some of the Suffolk land was returned to Frances (though a great amount went to the crown) to take care of her and her two daughters.


Frances remained at court, the queen kept her at her side. She was shown favor but she was always under suspicion due to her family's actions.


There was talk of Frances marrying Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon who was of royal descent. Instead she chose to marry someone below her station, making sure her marriage and any children born from it were not seen as a threat to the queen.

Her choice of husband was Adrian Stokes. Adrian was her master of horse. It was similar to that of her stepmother Katherine who had been her childhood friend, who had married one of her gentleman ushers. Adrian and Frances had three children but they were stillborn or died in infancy.

-Elizabeth: stillborn
-Elizabeth: died in infancy
-an unnamed son who was stillborn

Her marriage to Adrian seemed to have been one of genuine love. It is said that Elizabeth envied the relationship of Frances and Adrian when she saw them at court.

She died November 22, 1559 at the age of 44. She was buried at Westminster abbey at the expense of Elizabeth. Her husband would four years later have her effigy added to her tomb.

Adrian would remarry to Anne Carew. Anne was the widow of Nicholas Throckmorton with whom she had 13 children. Anne was the mother of Elizabeth Throckmorton, known as Elizabeth's lady in waiting who married Sir Walter Raleigh and was imprisoned for a time for marrying him without permission. Adrian would remain at court. He died in 1586 at 67 (he was 4 years younger then Frances).
 
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Not one of my favourite historical figures nor its seems has history been too forgiving of the Duchess of Suffolkand her reputation.
 
And was shown in the film "Lady Jane" as a cruel mother.
 
:previous: She has certainly been portrayed that way in books and movies.

 
The Dowager Duchess only survived her cousin,Queen Mary I by little over a year and I'm not sure what sort of relationship she had with Elizabeth I.
 
July 18, 1702 birth of Maria Clementina Sobieska, wife of James Frances Stuart 'the old pretender'.

She was born in Olawa, Silesia which at the time was part of the Holy Roman Empire (now part of modern day Poland). Her father James Louis Sobieski was the eldest son of King John III of Poland. Her mother was Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg. Her parents had seven children of whom she was the 6th born. Only three daughters made it to adulthood.

Her two sisters who reached adulthood:
-Maria Casimira: became a nun. Though her father attempted to have her marry Charles XII of Sweden. Charles would never marry.
-Maria Karolina (Charlotte). Married Frédéric Casimir de La Tour d'Auvergne and Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne. Frederic died 14 days after their wedding, and she married Charles who was his younger brother. She had 2 children by Charles. Her daughter Marie who was a mistress of her cousin Bonnie prince Charlie, was executed during the reign of terror.

Maria was a very wealthy heiress, one of the richest at the time. She had inherited estates from her paternal grandfather. Her betrothal to James Stuart was opposed by George I who feared she would produce heirs for James to contest his throne.

George I appealed to the Holy Roman emperor for help. Charles VI was actually her first cousin as his mother Eleanor Magdalena was the sister of Hedwig. He had her arrested on her way to Rome to marry James, and she was imprisoned at Innsbruck castle. Aid though came in the form of Charles Wogan, a Jacobite supporter and soldier of fortune, known as the Chevalier Wogan (Wogan would eventually be in Dunkirk with Henry Stuart in his failed attempt to join his brother in invading Scotland). Charles was able to deceive her captors and help Maria escape from her imprisonment. He brought her to Bologna where she was married by proxy to James. James was in Spain at the time. Maria's father fully supported both her escape and her marriage, thinking she should follow the cause of her husband.


The couple were married in person September 3, 1719 in the chapel of the episcopal palace in Montefiascone, Italy. Maria was 17, and James was 31.

They were invited by Pope Clement VI to settle in Rome as the Pope recognized them as the rightful monarchs. He provided them Palazzo Muti as their home and a troop of Papal guards for their protection. Both Clement and his successor Innocent XIII supported their claim.

Their marriage was not a happy one. She had found him unattractive and passive. She was not fond of his favorite John Hay and suspected James of having an affair with John's wife Marjorie. She had been close friends with Mrs Sheldon who had been governess to her sons but her husband fired her and replaced her with James Murray as guardian.

Maria was furious and she left her husband. She went to the convent of St Cecilia, accompanied by Mrs Sheldon and the remainder of her retinue.

Maria needed support and sought and took the advice of Cardinal Alberoni. She needed strong support against her husband, who claimed her leaving him and their children was a sin. She claimed that James planned to have their sons raised in a protestant education. It worked, as she gained the support of the Pope as well as the Spanish, and even the people when she demanded the Hays and Murray (Duke of Dunbar) be removed. Her sons were allowed to visit her in 1727. In 1728 the couple were reconciled in Bologna, James convinced by the Duke of Liria, to give in and remove the Hays from his court.

In reality the couple spent the rest of their marriage living separated. James preferred to live in Albano while Maria remained at their home in Rome. She performed her ceremonial duties and in public was a proper queen for James but in private they had no relationship.

Maria was very devout, often fasting. Her health was weakened by it and deteriorated over the years. She died at 32, January 18, 1736, six months before her 33rd birthday. She was buried at St Peter's basilica, Clement ordering a state funeral for her. Benedict XIV would commission Pietro Bacci to sculpt a monument in her memory.

Her husband died almost 40 years later in 1776 at 77. Her husband and sons are buried in the Stuart tomb at St Peter's.


Her sons:

-Charles: Bonnie Prince Charlie. Married Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern. He and his wife separated but never divorced, and had no children. He had a daughter Charlotte, Duchess of Albany with his mistress Clementina. She was a mistress of Ferdinand Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux and Cambrai with whom she had three children. Charlie died in 1788 at the age of 67. He was originally buried in France, but moved to the family vault after the death of his brother.

-Henry: known as the Cardinal Duke of York. He never married. Died in 1807.


Her tomb
https://www.wga.hu/html_m/b/bracci/sobieskx.html
 
July 19, 1821 coronation of George IV of England.

He was the eldest of 15 children of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He had served as regent to his father since late 1810 when his father suffered his last bout of mental illness. His father died January 29, 1820. By the time of his death his father was suffering dementia, was blind and going deaf. He was not aware of his wife's death. George III died six days after the Duke of Kent (Victoria's father). The Duke of York had been at his bed side.

He had been separated from his wife Caroline of Brunswick since 1796. He had been unable to divorce her but he excluded her from his coronation. She fell ill soon after and would die in August of that year.

Unfortunately his only child Princess Charlotte of Wales had died in 1817 at 21 giving birth to her stillborn son. Her husband Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld would become King Leopold I of Belgium in 1831. Leopold was the maternal uncle of Queen Victoria, and paternal uncle of her husband Albert.

His reign was less then 10 years. By the end of his life he was bed ridden from over eating and unhealthy life style. He died June 26, 1830 less then 9 years after his coronation. He was succeeded by his brother William, Duke of Clarence as William IV. William would have even shorter reign dying in 1837 and was succeeded by their niece Victoria.
 
July 23, 1596 death of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon.

Henry was born March 4, 1526. His mother was Mary Boleyn, the sister of Anne Boleyn who would marry the king in 1533. His grandfather was Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and his grandmother was Elizabeth Howard, the daughter of the 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Henry's legal father was William Carey, his mother's first husband. William was the son of Sir Thomas Carey and Margaret Spencer (Margaret's mother was Eleanor Beauford). There was some question of his paternity. His mother had been mistress to Henry VIII since 1520, having come to court as a lady to his wife Catherine of Aragon. But the affair seemed to have ended before Henry was born, so William may have been his father. His sister on the other hand was likelHenry's.


-Catherine: married Sir Francis Knollys and had at least 15 children, only one of whom died young. She was a lady in waiting to Anne of Cleves and Catherine Howard.

His father died of the sweating sickness a month before his second birthday. His father was heavily in debt and Mary had to sell her jewelry to support herself until Anne arranged a pension for her.

Henry and his sister came under the wardship of Anne when she became engaged to the king. Their mother was in constant contact until her remarriage to William Stafford. Anne saw her nephew educated at a top monastery and his tutors included Nicholas Bourbon, a poet who had been saved from the inquisition by Anne. His aunt died when he was ten years old and his grandfather in 1539 (his grandmother the year before). His mother and stepfather moved to Rochford hall after Thomas' death, and his mother died seven years after Anne. She may have born two children to her second husband but that isn't clear. His stepfather would later marry Dorothy Stafford and had six children.


Henry lived at court. He served as a member of parliament twice and he was made a knight in 1558. He was made Baron by his cousin Elizabeth I. Among the homes he gained was the manor of Hunsdon which had belonged to Mary I. He also received an annuity of 400 pounds a year. He was later named master of the queen's hawks. In 1561 he was made a Knight of the Garter and in 1564 Captain of the Gentleman Pensioneers. In 1568 he was made Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed.

In 1569 a Northern Rebelion was raised by the catholics. One of the leaders was Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. Thomas's father Henry was first cousins of Mary Boleyn. Henry was appointed Lieutenant general of the queen's men and led an important victory against Lord Dacre. He was made warden of the Each march by the queen in return for his service and victory. He had a number of other titles from Keeper of Sommerset house, privy counselor, lord chamberlain of the household and governor of the army for the protection of the queen's person.

In 1587 Henry had an affair with Emily Lanier who was the daughter of a Venetian musician. Henry was a major patron of the arts, a supporter of Shakespeare (Lord Chamberlain's men referred to him). He had her married off to one of her cousins eventually but she bore him a son Henry.

He died at Sommerset house and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His cousin Elizabeth offered to make him Earl Wiltshire (his grandfather's title) on his death bed but he turned down her offer. He was 70. His sister had died in 1569.

He was married to Anne Morgan May 21, 1545. She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Morgan. She bore him 13 children, 2 who died in infancy. Anne would die in 1607.


Their children:

-George: succeeded his father as Baron. Like his father he was a patron of the arts and Shakespeare. He married Elizabeth Spencer, daughter of Sir John Spencer of Althorpe. Elizabeth was a patroness herself including of Edmund Spencer who she was distantly related to. They had one daughter Elizabeth.

-John: succeeded his brother as the 3rd baron. He married Mary Hyde daughter of Leonard Hyde of Hyde Hall and Throcking. They had 3 sons and 2 daughters. He was succeeded by his second son.

-Henry: was a MP for Berwick and Buckingham

-Thomas: died in infancy

-Thomas: like his elder brother of the same name, died young

-William: nothing known

-Edmund: was in his father's army. He was married three times, his second wife Elizabeth was a daughter of John Nevill, Baron Latimer. He had five children by his first wife.

-Robert: was named 1st earl of Monmouth. His wife Elizabeth was the daughter of Sir Hugh Trevannion. They were first cousins as Elizabeth's mother Sybila was Anne Morgan's younger sister. They had 3 children. he was succeeded as earl by his eldest son.

-Joan: nothing known

-Catherine: first wife of Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham. She bore him five children, their second son succeeding him as earl. He would later marry a daughter of the Earl of Moray and have 2 other children.

-Philadelphia: was married to Thomas Scrope, 10th Baron Scrope of Bolton. They had one son Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland.

-Margaret: married parliament member Sir Edward Hoby.

-Elizabeth: unknown

-Anne: unknown

-Eleanor: unknown

-Matilda: unknown

He had several bastards including the son born by Emily. Two are known.

-Valentine: his mother is unknown but it is said he was born to Henry when he was governor of Berwick. He left some of Henry's grandchildren in his will. He was Bishop of Exeter.

-Henry: son of Emily Lanier. Was raised by her and her husband Alfonso. Henry would marry Joyce Mansfield and have 2 children. He seems to have died when his children were young as records seem to imply his mother was left providing financially for them after his death.
 
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