On This Day: British Royal Family

[Gawin]

Joan was the second English queen consort from Navarre,the previous one was Berengaria de Navarre,queen of Richard the Lionheart.

And Henrietta Maria wife of Charles I and daughter of King Henry III of Navarre was the third. Her father was also King Henry IV of France.

 

[Countessmeout]

She actually would be 4th.

Berengaria and Joan were the two queen consorts from an independent Navarre throne. But the throne of Navarre and France were held by the same person on more then one occasion. And we get two queen consorts who were both a princess of France and Navarre. Henrietta Maria was not the first such.

Isabella of France was the daughter of Joan I of Navarre and Philip IV of France. She would have been a Princess of both France and Navarre, making her the second queen consort of England from Navarre after Berengaria. Like Henrietta Maria Isabella was raised in France and not Navarre. That's the big difference to Berengaria and Joan who were raised at the court of Navarre.


so

Berengaria- wife of Richard I (independent Navarre)
Isabella- wife of Edward II (part of France)
Joan- wife of Henry IV (independent Navarre)
Henrietta Maria- wife of Charles I (part of France)


Navarre was officially annexed in 1620 by France.

 

[Gawin]

She actually would be 4th.

Berengaria and Joan were the two queen consorts from an independent Navarre throne. But the throne of Navarre and France were held by the same person on more then one occasion. And we get two queen consorts who were both a princess of France and Navarre. Henrietta Maria was not the first such.

Isabella of France was the daughter of Joan I of Navarre and Philip IV of France. She would have been a Princess of both France and Navarre, making her the second queen consort of England from Navarre after Berengaria. Like Henrietta Maria Isabella was raised in France and not Navarre. That's the big difference to Berengaria and Joan who were raised at the court of Navarre.


so

Berengaria- wife of Richard I (independent Navarre)
Isabella- wife of Edward II (part of France)
Joan- wife of Henry IV (independent Navarre)
Henrietta Maria- wife of Charles I (part of France)


Navarre was officially annexed in 1620 by France.

Yes, that's right. I'd completely forgotten about Isabella's mother.

Catherine of Aragon's father Ferdinand conquered southern Navarre (and annexed it to Castile in 1515) but he never assumed the title King of Navarre so I guess she doesn't count as a princess of Navarre.

 

[An Ard Ri]

And Henrietta Maria wife of Charles I and daughter of King Henry III of Navarre was the third. Her father was also King Henry IV of France.

I had forgotten about Henrietta Maria of France by that time there was a personal union between France and Navarre as with during the reign of Jeanne Ier of Navarre and Philippe IV of France and their successors.

 

[Countessmeout]

June 16, 1332- birth of Isabella, Countess of Bedford.

Isabella was the daughter of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. She was the couple's second child and eldest daughter, born almost exactly 2 years after the Black prince (he was born June 15, 1330). She was named for her paternal grandmother Isabella of France (and Navarre) wife of Edward II.

Her parents had 13 children. She had five brothers (Edward, Lionel Duke of Clarence, John of Gaunt, Edmund of York, Thomas of Gloucester) and 3 sisters (Joan, Mary and Margaret) who reached adulthood. Three brothers and a sister died in infancy. She holds the distinction of being the only daughter of Edward who had any children.

Isabella was born at Woodstock palace, and was a very pampered baby in a gilded crib and had gowns from Italian silk. As an infant she was doted on by both parents. As she grew she was said to be her father's favorite child though she was never as close to her mother. She was fostered with her brother Edward and sister Joan in the household of William St Omer.

Isabella was odd in that she wasn't married until 33. There had been a few attempts. She was intended as the wife of Pedro of Castile but instead Joan was sent but died on her way to the wedding. Isabella was to be sent to Gascony to marry Bernard d'Albret. But the 19 year old changed her mind before departure and refused to leave and the wedding was called off. Her father was not angry and gave his daughter custody of Burstall priory and 1000 marks per year in 1355.

Isabella fell in love with Enguerrand VII de Coucy who was seven years her junior. He was the son of Enguerrand VI de Coucy and Catherine of Austria. Catherine was the daughter of Leopold I Duke of Austria. He had come to England in 1360 as part of the trade of hostages. The French traded him and others for the return of John II. Enguerrand became a guest of the royal court for five years.

The couple were allowed to marry in 1365, Isabella having refused to marry for anything but love. Her husband was released from his hostage status without any ransom being paid, and he was given his family's historical lands in Yorkshire, Lancaster, Cumberland and Westmoreland. Isabella was given a 4000 pound dowry, a huge amount of expensive jewels, and a very generous annual income by her father on the time of her marriage.

In November 1365 the couple were allowed to go to France. They returned for a visit in 1366 when her husband was made Earl of Bedford. They were also made the Count and Countess of Soissons by Edward. Her husband served the king of France as a military commander. Though she lived with her husband in France, she made frequent trips home while he was away. She was made a lady of the garter in 1376.

Isabella was summoned home urgently in April 1377 and was at her father's side when he died. When her nephew Richard II ascended the throne, Isabella's husband renounced all his ties to England. Isabella remained in England, separated from her husband and eldest child. She died in April 1379 and was buried at Greyfriars church in Newgate.

Her husband would marry again. His second wife Isabelle of Lorraine was the daughter of John I, Duke of Lorraine. Her husband died 18 years after her death in 1397, after having a daughter with his second wife. He died while on crusade against the Ottomans. He was a prisoner, and died from the bubonic plague, before his ransom was paid. His body was returned to Europe and he was buried in Soissans.

Isabella and her husband had two daughters:

-Marie: succeeded her father as Marie I, Countess of Soissans. Following the death of her father she had got in a legal battle with her stepmother over the estate. She sold the Coucy barony to the Orleans, though she later tried to sue to get it back as did her son (failed to). Married Henry of Bar, lord of Marle and the Marquis de Pont-à-Mousson. Her husband suffered the same fate as his father in law, captured on crusade and died of the plague (though he had been ransomed and was on his way home). The couple had 2 sons.

-Philippa: named for her maternal grandmother. Unlike her sister she was born in England not France. She was married to Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, Marquess of Dublin, and 9th Earl of Oxford in 1371. Her husband was a favorite of Richard II and suspected of having homosexual relations. Robert divorced her in 1387 and married his mistress Agnes, a lady in waiting of Anne of Bohemia. This angered Philippa's Uncles John, Thomas and Edmund. Robert's mother actually sided with Philippa and took her into her household, saying she considered Philippa more her child then Robert. In 1388 Robert was sent into exile and the Pope actually declared their divorce invalid (she had continued to be known as Countess of Oxford). He died in 1392. She was a companion to Isabella of Valois and accompanied her to France after Richard died. She died childless in France in 1411.

Her husband's third daughter Isabelle (daughter with his second wife) had married Philip II, Count of Nevers.

 

[An Ard Ri]

Thankfully Isabella did not live long enough to see her nephew Richard II of England being deposed and murdered.

 

[LauraS3514]

Thankfully Isabella did not live long enough to see her nephew Richard II of England being deposed and murdered.

And by another nephew too.

 

[An Ard Ri]

And by another nephew too.

Had John of Gaunt lived a little longer he had some influence over his nephew Richard II.

 

[Countessmeout]

Yes John was a trusted counsellor of Richard II. If he hadn't died a year before his nephew, he perhaps would have had enough sway.

Unfortunately for Richard, his only remaining uncle was Edmund, and Edmund ended up siding with Henry.

June 17, 1239- birth of Edward I Longshanks.


Edward was the son of Henry III and grandson of King John. His mother Eleanor of Provence was the daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy.

He was the eldest of five children. His sister Margaret married Alexander III of Scotland (grandmother of the Maid of Norway). Beatrice married John II of Brittany. Edmund was known as Crouchback and was Earl of Lancaster. Katherine died when she was four years old.

Edward was not a common name in those times for the aristocracy after the Norman conquest but his father was devoted to the veneration of Edward the Confessor and chose to name is heir for him. One of his closet childhood friends was Henry of Almain who was his cousin. Henry's father Richard of Cornwall was a younger brother of Henry III. They remained friends for their lives. He was ill when young but he grew into a very tall strong warrior, his nickname from his long legs.He suffered from a lisp but was still said to be a very persuasive speaker.

In 1254 Edward was married to quell a fear of a Castilian invasion of Gascony which was English controlled. The 15 year old Edward was married to Eleanor of Castile. Eleanor was the daughter of Ferdinand III of Castile and was a half sister of the current king, Alfonso X. Eleanor was 13.

In his early days Edward preferred the company of foreign courtiers. The early years it was the Savoyians as they were called, his mother's family. The leader of the faction was Peter II of Savoy, his great-uncle. But his loyalty shifted to the Lusignan faction who included his father's half brothers. His dealings with the Lusignan faction became one of the complaints that led to the second baron's war.

The ambitious Edward often butted heads with his father. While his father was in France he appointed several counselors against his father's wishes. When his father returned from France Henry refused to even see his son. It was the Archbishop of Canterbury and Henry's brother Richard who helped reconcile him with his father. When Windsor castle was captured by the rebels, Edward and his allies including Henry of Allmain recaptured it.

During the second barons war he was taken prisoner with Henry Almain He was able to escape and join up with the Earl of Gloucester who had joined the royalist side. Edward gained a reputation during the war as being untrustworthy and ruthless. He had little interest in the final dealings and the peace treaties that ended the war as he already turned to looking at the crusades. In 1268 he and Edmund took the crusader's cross. He joined Louis IX's crusade to the holy land, landing in acre in 1271. After an assassination attempt in 1272 Edward was forced to give up any campaign. His father died in November 1272 and while saddened, he seemed in no rush to return home. He took a leisurely trip through Italy and France. He was named king on his father's death not on his own coronation as was normal custom. He didn't arrive home until August 1274.

During Edward's reign he was known for his ruthless handling of Wales and of Scotland. His other nickname was the Hammer of Scotland. He was deposed John Baiol as king and installed English governors in Scotland (Bravehart).

In 1307 Edward headed north to deal with Robert the Bruce in the continuing war of Scottish independence. On his way north he got sick with disintery. On July 6, in Burgh by the sands, just south of Scotland, he died. His servants had come in to feed him breakfast and he died in their arms.

He was buried at Westminster abbey October 27. His tomb was quite plain.

Edward was married twice. Eleanor died in 1290. His second wife was Margaret of France who was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant. Margaret was an aunt of Isabella of France (she was the younger sister of Isabella's father Philip IV).

Eleanor bore him at least 14 children:
-still born daughter
-Katherine: died at 3 months
-Joanna: died at 8 months
-John: died at the age of five while in the custody of the Earl of Cornwall
-Henry: died at age 6
-Eleanor: first to reach adult. Married Henry III, Count of Bar. 2 children
-Juliana: born and died while parents were in Acre. Four months
-Joan: born in Acre. Married Earl of Hertford and had 4 kids. Later married Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer and had 3.
-Alfonso: earl of Chester. Died at 11.
-Margaret: married John II of Brabant and had one son
-Berengaria: died in infancy
-daughter: died in infancy
-Mary: a nun
-son: died in infancy
-Elizabeth: childless first marriage to John, Count of Holland. Had 10 children by her second marriage to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford.
-Edward: youngest child of his mother. Succeeded his father as Edward II. Married Isabella of France with whom he had 4 kids.

With his second wife Margaret he had 3 children, 2 sons who reached adulthood and a daughter.
-Thomas: was made Earl of Norfolk. He had 3 children by his first wife Alice de Hales. He later married Mary de Brewes but had no children.
-Edmund: was made Earl of Kent. He married Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell. They had four children. Margaret had been married to John Comyn (the son of John 'the red' Comyn who was murdered by Robert the Bruce).
-Eleanor: died at the age of four.

 

[An Ard Ri]

Edward I Longshanks 3 maternal aunts were also all queen consorts making him well connected and related to various royal houses.

Marguerite de Provence Queen of France
Sancha de Provence Queen of the Romans
Beatrice de Provence Queen of Sicily

 

[Countessmeout]

June 23, 1456 birth of Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland.

Margaret's father was Christian I of Denmark. When Christopher III of Denmark died without issue, the throne had been offered to her father who was the son of the Count of Oldenburg. One of the conditions was he marry the widow of Christopher, Dorothea. Margaret's mother Dorothea was the daughter of John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. At 15 Dorothea married the 29 year old Christopher III. Her husband died 3 years later in 1448. Dorothea and Christian were married in 1449.

Margaret's parents had five children, three of whom reached adulthood:
-Olaf died in infancy
-Canute died at age four
-John: succeeded his father as king of Denmark, Sweden and Norway. He married Christina of Saxony and had six children including Christian II.
-Frederick: her only younger sibling. When his nephew Christian was forced to abdicate, he became Frederick I. Married Anna of Brandenberg and later Sophie of Pomerania. Had 8 kids, 2 with Anna and 6 with Sophie. This included Christian III (Anna's).


In 1468 the 12 year old was betrothed to 17 year old James III of Scotland. James had succeeded his father in 1460 at the age of 9. His mother was Mary of Guelders. The marriage was meant to bring peace and end a feud over Scotland owing money from the taxation of the Hebrides and Isle of Mann. Charles VII of France helped arrange it.


At the age of 13 Margaret was married in July 1469 to James at Holyrood Abbey. On their marriage the debt was forgiven. She was given the largest jointure possible for a queen consort.


Margaret was known for clothes, always in the highest fashion. But she quickly became a popular queen. She was known for her beauty but also being gentle and quite sensible. Some historians have said she was more qualified ruler then her husband. She insisted her children learn Danish.


The marriage was not a happy one. James' preference for his second son was a cause of issues. In 1482 when the throne was seized temporarily by the Duke of Albany (his brother) and a new government formed by uncles, Margaret showed more concern for her children then her husband. Though she worked publicly for his freedom and return to power. Her husband did return to power but it led to permanent estrangement. The king lived in Edinburgh while she chose to remain with her kids at Stirling.

She died July 14, 1486 at Stirling. There were rumors she was poisoned but seem unfounded. Her husband actually petitioned the Pope to have her named a saint and is said to have mourned her. She was buried at Cambuskenneth Abbey. Her husband was buried with her in 1488. The abbey was destroyed except for a bell tower, but their tombs were enclosed. Queen Victoria would have them restored during her reign.


restored grave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marga...I_and_Queen_Margaret,_Cambuskenneth_Abbey.jpg

what remains of the abbey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambuskenneth_Abbey#/media/File:Cambuskenneth_Abbey_Bell_Tower.jpg

Margaret bore her husband three sons.

-James: succeeded his father as James IV at 15. He married Margaret Tudor (sister of Henry VIII) and while they had six kids, only the future James V reached adulthood. Grandfather of Mary Queen of Scots. Their other three sons died in infancy and their 2 daughters were still born.
-James (second son of the name): his father's favorite. Duke of Ross. Made Archbishop of St Andrews by his brother while a minor.
-John: Earl of Mar. He died unmarried.

 

[Countessmeout]

June 24, 1314 Robert the Bruce leads the Scottish army in the decisive battle of Bannockburn. Though peace was not achieved until 1328, it is considered the major battle of the First War of Scottish Independence. The battle allowed Robert to negotiate the return of his wife Elizabeth, his daughter Marjorie and his sisters Mary and Christina, who had been captives for 8 years. Edward agreed in November of that year to exchange the royal ladies for the several high ranked nobles Robert captured. Among the Scottish captives was Edward I's son in law Humphrey de Bohun (married to Princess Elizabeth).



1509- Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon were crown king and queen. Henry was just short of his 18th birthday (birthday June 28).Catherine was 24. Henry would reign for over 37 years. Catherine would serve as queen consort until 1533 when she was set aside for Anne Boelyn.



1902- the coronation of Edward VII was postponed. His mother Victoria died the previous January. His coronation had been set for June 26. Unfortunately 2 days prior he was diagnosed with appendicitis. Surgery on it back then was still rare, as before anaesthesia and antiseptic, the mortality rate was high. He was operated on by Sir Frederick Treves who was famous for his surgical procedure for appendicitis, and Lord Lister who was the pioneer of antiseptics. He made a full recovery in two weeks and his coronation was held August 9 instead.

 

[An Ard Ri]

1509- Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon were crown king and queen. Henry was just short of his 18th birthday (birthday June 28).Catherine was 24. Henry would reign for over 37 years. Catherine would serve as queen consort until 1533 when she was set aside for Anne Boelyn.

Here's a little further reading on the Coronation of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon on Midsummer's Day, Sunday, 24 June 1509.

https://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/24-june-1509-coronation-of-henry-viii-and-catherine-of-aragon/

 

[LauraS3514]

1902- the coronation of Edward VII was postponed. His mother Victoria died in January. His coronation had been set for June 26. Unfortunately 2 days prior he was diagnosed with appendicitis. Surgery on it back then was still rare, as before anaesthesia and antiseptic, the mortality rate was high. He was operated on by Sir Frederick Treves who was famous for his surgical procedure for appendicitis, and Lord Lister who was the pioneer of antiseptics. He made a full recovery in two weeks and his coronation was held August 9 instead.

Queen Victoria died in January of 1901; Edward VII's coronation was originally scheduled for 18 months later in June 1902, but was postponed to August 1902 due to his surgery.

 

[Countessmeout]

Indeed, August 9, as I mentioned at the end.

The postponed event

June 25, 1242: birth of Beatrice of England.

Beatrice was the daughter of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. She was named after her maternal grandmother Beatrice of Savoy (her mother's parents were Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence and Beatrice). She was the 2nd daughter and 3rd child of her parents. Her older siblings were Edward I and Queen Margaret of Scotland, and her younger siblings were Edmund Crouchback and a sister Katherine who died young.

Her childhood was not an easy one. Her mother was greatly unliked by the English thought she had too much influence. Eleanor's barge was attacked on one occasion. Her brother Edward suffered serious illnesses in his youth, and her sister Katherine died at age four after suffering illnesses which included a degenerative hearing condition which left her deaf.

Despite the issues her family was happy. Her parents had a good loving marriage, and raised their children in a happy family. All of the siblings were close as they grew up.

Beatrice was considered as a possible future queen of France or Norway but neither came to fruition. Instead she was married to John de Dreux January 22, 1260. John was the heir of John I, Duke of Brittany and Blanche of Navarre. The bride was 18 and the groom was 21. Beatrice would never become Duchess of Brittany as she died in 1275 and her father in law died in 1286. Beatrice and her husband continued to reside in England at the court of her brother, raising their family there. John became quite close to her brothers. When Edward and Edmund went on the 9th crusade in 1271, John would accompany them. His father was already with Louis IX but when Louis fell ill and returned home, John I returned to Brittany. Beatrice's husband accompanied his brother in laws and was on crusade for a year.


Beatrice would die May 24, 1275 in London. John saw to a chantry being built in her name so that they could be buried together when he died. But at the time of her death she was buried at Grey friars in Greenwich.


John outlived her by 30 years, dying in 1305. He had been in Lyon to attend the coronation of Pope Clement V. Sadly he was killed during the procession through the streets. He had been assigned to lead the pope's horse, when a wall holding too many public crumbled, and stones crushed the duke. He died four days after the accident, and was sent home in a led coffin. He was buried later at the Carmelite convent he had built Ploërmel.


Beatrice bore her husband six children.

-Arthur: become Arthur II of Brittany. Served as duke for only 7 years as he died in 1312 at 51. He married twice. First to Marie, Viscountess of Limoges, who bore him three sons including John III. His second marriage was to Yolande of Dreux. Yolande had previously been married to Alexander III of Scotland but he died less then six months later and she miscarried his child. He had seven children with Yolande.

-John: was earl of Richmond. He served his Uncle Edward and his cousin Edward II in the military and never married. When he went to France, when Queen Isabella refused to return, John publicly declared his support of Edward III over his father and John's English lands were confiscated. They were restored by Edward III but John chose to spend the remainder of his life on his French estates. He was succeeded by Arthur's son John.

-Marie: married Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol. They had eight children. Through her eldest daughter Mahaut she was grandmother to Blanche of Valois (wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor), Isabella (wife of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon and mother of Joanna who married Charles V of France), and Marie of Valois whose daughter Joanna became queen of Naples in her own right (Marie's husband Charles was the son of King Robert of Naples but died before his father so Robert was succeeded by granddaughter Joanna).

-Peter: viscount of Lyon. Died in 1312 at the age of 43. He doesn't seem to have been married.

-Blanche: married Philip of Artois. Philip was a son of Robert II, Count of Artois. She bore her husband 7 children. Her husband died though in 1298, four years before his father. By the custom of Artois at the time, the throne passed not to Blanche's eldest son Robert, but to Philip's sister Mahout (sometimes called Mathilde). In their rules it was based on proximity of blood, so while Mahout could be passed over for a brother (she was the eldest) she could not be passed over for a nephew. Her and Philip's only brother had died in childhood. Robert tried claiming it as Robert III but Mahout's claim was upheld every time, and she would be succeeded by her daughter Joan (Joan was the widow of Philip V of France, and her sister Blanche had been the wife of Charles IV of France).Her daughter Margaret was the mother of Philip III of Navarre.

-Eleanor: abbess of Fontevrault.

 

[An Ard Ri]

Queen Victoria died in January of 1901; Edward VII's coronation was originally scheduled for 18 months later in June 1902, but was postponed to August 1902 due to his surgery.

The anointing of Queen Alexandra during the Coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra by Laurits Tuxen (1903).

 

[Countessmeout]

June 28, 1189 death of Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (also known as Maud)

Matilda was the third child and eldest daughter of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Her older brothers were William who died in infancy and Henry the Young King. Her younger siblings were Richard I, Geoffrey II of Brittany, Queen Eleanor of Castile, Queen Joan of Sicily and King John. She also had two half sisters from her mother's first marriage to Louis VII of France, Marie and Alix. Matilda was named for her paternal grandmother Empress Matilda.

In 1159 the Papal election saw a schism in the church. Henry II sought to strengthen his ties with the Holy Roman empire as he was dealing with issues with his own clergy. Frederick I, Holy Roman emperor helped to arrange a marriage to cement the alliance. In 1165, when Matilda was 9 the Archbishop of Cologne was sent by the Hoy Roman emperor to arrange her marriage.

The husband of choice for Matilda was Henry the Lion. Henry was 36. Henry was the son of Henry X, Duke of Saxony and his wife Gertrude who was the only daughter of Lothair III, Hoy Roman Emperor. Henry and the emperor were first cousins. Henry's father Henry X and Frederick's mother Judith were sister and brother, the children of Henry IX. Henry succeeded his father in 1139 when he was 10. He had been married previously to Clementia of Zähringen but he had divorced her under pressure from the emperor. Clementia bore him three children, but Henry and Richenza died young. Her daughter Gertrude married Canute VI of Denmark as her second husband but had died childless from either marriage. They were divorced in 1162 and she two years later married Umberto III, Count of Savoy. She had 2 daughters with Umberto, the younger of whom had been engaged to Matilda's brother John but died at 12.

Negotiations had not gone well at first. And in fact the original plan was not for Matilda. Her sister Eleanor was originally intended to marry a son of the Emperor. But when negotiations went down, the marriage between Henry and Matilda was proposed. She left home September 1167 with a large dowry. They married February 1, 1168 when she was 12 and he was 39. They were married at Minden Cathedral.

At the time of their marriage her husband was powerful. They held a great court at Dankwarderode Castle. When her husband went on pilgrimage she served as regent of his vast lands.

Unfortunately her husband had a falling out with the emperor, and refused to support him against the Lombard league. Henry was deposed and had to submit to the emperor in November 1181. The family had to flee Germany and took up shelter in Normandy at her father's court. Henry II would shelter and provide for the family until 1185.

Thanks to her father they were able to return to Germany. But her husband's attempts to reclaim his duchies failed. Henry was forced to either go on crusade with the emperor or go into exile. He chose exile and left for England. Matilda chose to remain in Brunswick and continue to fight for the rights of her husband. She died three months later at 33, 8 days before the death of her father. Her husband would eventually make peace with Frederick's son Henry VI and secured lands for his eldest son.

Matilda and Henry had five children together:

-Matilda: married Geoffrey III, Count of Perche. He was a Norman lord who her uncle Richard I arranged the marriage. They had 2 sons together. She was shortly married to Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy who was a violent man, but Philip II of France granted her a divorce. When she died, her uncle John confiscated the English properties Richard had granted her, from her son Thomas.

-Henry- was made Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine when his father made peace with Henry VI. Married twice. With his first wife Agnes of Hohenstaufen (daughter of Conrad, Count Palatine) he had three children. His second marriage to Agnes of Landsberg was childless.

-Lothar: died when he was either 15 or 16

-Otto: became Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor. After Henry VI died, Otto was named emperor over Henry's son Frederick (Frederick would later depose him and become Frederick II). He married twice but had no children. His first wife was Beatrice, daughter of King Philip of Swabia. His second was Maria of Brabant.


-William: known as William of Winchester, he was Lord of Lunenburg. He married Helena of Denmark who was a daughter of Valdemar I. The couple had one son Otto the child. He died when Otto was 9. Otto's uncle Emperor Otto IV took custody of his nephew. As neither Henry the elder and Otto IV had sons who out lived them, Otto the child inherited the family lands.

Despite being 27 years older then his wife, Henry the Lion outlived her by 6 years dying in 1195 at 66. He died peacefully in Brunswick after having made peace in 1194. He spent the last year continuing as a patron of the arts, something he and his wife had both done.

 

[An Ard Ri]

June 28, 1189 death of Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (also known as Maud)

Remarkably the joint ducal tomb of Henry and Matilda still survives at Brunswick Cathedral where their buried.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...g/319px-Braunschweig_St-Martini_Innenraum.jpg

Stone Coffins in the Cathedral crypt

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...nschweiger_Dom_Gruft_Heinrichs_des_Loewen.jpg

 

[An Ard Ri]

28 June 1838 -The Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Victoria

 

[Durham]

It would be fascinating to know who was who in this painting. Was wicked uncle Ernest present for instance?

 

[An Ard Ri]

It was painted by Sir George Hayter he painted Queen Victoria and her family on a few occasions.

1838

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...one_hi.jpg/349px-Queen_victoria_throne_hi.jpg

Wedding of Victoria and Albert 1840
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe..._Marriage01.jpg/640px-Victoria_Marriage01.jpg

1860
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Queen_Victoria-by_George_Hayter.jpg

 

[Durham]

Yes they're all well known paintings. The state portrait (3rd down) done after her coronation is very famous.

 

[An Ard Ri]

He also painted the then Princess Victoria in 1833 and later as queen Victoria she awarded him a Knighthood 1841.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...incess_Victoria_and_Dash_by_George_Hayter.jpg

 

[Durham]

He also painted the then Princess Victoria in 1833 and later as queen Victoria she awarded him a Knighthood 1841.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...incess_Victoria_and_Dash_by_George_Hayter.jpg

With a cute dog. Windsor Castle in the background, a nod I guess to her then status as heir presumptive. I wonder who commissioned this portrait. Her mother or the king?

 

[An Ard Ri]

With a cute dog. Windsor Castle in the background, a nod I guess to her then status as heir presumptive. I wonder who commissioned this portrait. Her mother or the king?

I couldn't find any commissions by him for the King but upon further reading he painted the Dowager Duchess of Kent in 1835 his paintings impressed the new queen Victoria who chose him as the Principal Painter in Ordinary which ruffled a few feathers at the Royal Academy.

My guess is he was introduced by the Duchess of Kent.
https://www.rct.uk/collection/405421/victoria-duchess-of-kent-1786-1861

 

[Durham]

I couldn't find any commissions by him for the King but upon further reading he painted the Dowager Duchess of Kent in 1835 his paintings impressed the new queen Victoria who chose him as the Principal Painter in Ordinary which ruffled a few feathers at the Royal Academy.

My guess is he was introduced by the Duchess of Kent.
https://www.rct.uk/collection/405421/victoria-duchess-of-kent-1786-1861

That's really interesting thank you.

His paintings are very ......sumptuous. I think that's the right word.?

 

[An Ard Ri]

That's really interesting thank you.

His paintings are very ......sumptuous. I think that's the right word.?

The then Princess wrote in her diary 'My full-length portrait of Mamma done by George Hayter has been hung up in my study and looks so well. It is so like & is so beautifully painted.' about the portrait of her mother the duchess.

 

[Durham]

The then Princess wrote in her diary 'My full-length portrait of Mamma done by George Hayter has been hung up in my study and looks so well. It is so like & is so beautifully painted.' about the portrait of her mother the duchess.

That's wonderful that you found that.

 

[Countessmeout]

I couldn't find any commissions by him for the King but upon further reading he painted the Dowager Duchess of Kent in 1835 his paintings impressed the new queen Victoria who chose him as the Principal Painter in Ordinary which ruffled a few feathers at the Royal Academy.

My guess is he was introduced by the Duchess of Kent.
https://www.rct.uk/collection/405421/victoria-duchess-of-kent-1786-1861

Until George, the position had been filled by the president of the Royal academy. So when David Wilkie died (the president) in 1841, it was fully expected his successor Martin Archer Shee would also replace him as Principal painter. Victoria broke tradition by naming another artist instead.



June 30, 1670. Death of Princess Henrietta of England.


Henrietta was born June 16, 1644. She was the youngest child of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. Her mother was the daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de Medici. She was born at Bedford house on the eve of the second battle of Newbury during the English civil war.

She was one of nine children, though two died the day they were born:
-Charles James: died the day he was born
-Charles- succeeded as Charles II. Married Catherine of Braganza. He had no children with his wife and was succeeded by his brother.
-Mary: married William II of Orange. Was the mother of William III who would one day be co-ruler of England with his wife Mary.
-James: succeeded his brother as James II. Married Anne Hyde and Mary of Modena. Had four children who reached adulthood. Mary and Anne with Anne Hyder who would both reign as queens, and James and Louisa Maria with Mary. James was known as the 'old pretender' and was father of Bonnie prince Charlie.
-Elizabeth: died at 15
-Anne: died young
-Catherine: died the same day born
-Henry: died at 20 Duke of Gloucester. He never married.

Henrietta was an ill baby. When she was born there was concern both her and her mother would not survive her birth as it was hard. She was placed into the care of Anne Villiers. The queen planned to head to France to seek aid from Louis XIV for her husband, and left for Falmouth. She learned her daughter suffered from convulsions during this time. Henrietta met her father for the first time in July when she was brought to Exeter for her baptism. In June 1646 in the care of Anne she was secreted away from England and reunited with her mother in France. Louis XIV was her first cousin, his father Louis XIII was Henrietta Maria's eldest brother.

In France she became known as Anne in honor of her aunt Anne of Austria, the wife of Louis XIII. Her and her mother lived at the Louvre in apartments they were granted. In January 1649 her father was executed. After the end of the civil war in France, Henrietta and her mother moved to the palace with the young king, his mother and brother. They were joined by her brother Henry in 1652. Though baptized Anglican her mother decided that she should be raised catholic in France.


After Louis XIV was married, attention turned to finding his brother Philippe a wife. And the choice fell to Henrietta. Philippe's attention had turned to her after Charles II was restored to his throne, and the position of the young English princess took a turn for the better. But though Philippe, who had been involved in a number of sexual scandals was impatient, he had to wait.


Her mother wanted to return home to seek a dowry for her, and to prevent her son James from marrying Anne Hyde. After the death of her brother Henry from small pox which devastated her, Henrietta left for Dover with her mother. November 22, 1660 the French court formally sought Henrietta's hand for the Duke of Orleans. Charles granted his sister a dowry of 80,000 livres and a further 20,000 for her expenses. He also gave his sister a personal gift of 40,000 and a chateau.


They were married May 31, 1661 at the Palace Royal. She was titled Madam, Duchess of Orleans. The couple made Tuileries Palace their home. The marriage started well, Philippe was doting, but when rumors came she was having an affair with the Count of Guiche, he became very jealous. He would eventually start an affair with one of her ladies in waiting.

She was known as a patron of the arts. She had quit the collection of paintings and often corresponded with top writers.

She was devastated by the loss of her mother in 1669. Her mother died from an over dose of opiates. Her pain was not helped by her husband who had rushed to seize all of her mother's possessions before she was even buried.

In 1669 Charles II publicly made known his intent to convert to become catholic. He planned to leave his alliance with Sweden and the Dutch republic and join France in an alliance. Henrietta who was always close to her brother who called her Minette, was anxious to return home for a visit and Louis was happy to send her to help with the treaty. Philippe though was totally against it. He was still furious over her reported affair, and worried she would go complaining to her brother about him. Thanks to Louis she arranged to go and left May 1670 and would remain for 6 days, until the treaty was signed June 1. It was a secret treaty and it would be known by the public until 1830.

She had been complaining since 1667 of pains in her side. By April 1670 she was having a hard time digesting anything but milk. After her return to France following the treaty she went with her husband to St Cloud. The day she died she drank a glass of chicory water and the pain was so bad she thought she had been poisoned. The royal family and bishop were sent for, and after she received last rights, she died. Though many people suspected she was poisoned and a few people were suggested including former lovers of her husband and his future wife. But she was said to have died of natural causes in the autopsy witnessed by over 100 people.

She was buried at the Royal Basilica of St Denis July 4. There was a second funeral on the 21st. It was attended by the royal family, mass numbers of the nobility and others like the Duke of Buckingham.


Henrietta had 7 pregnancies. She gave birth to 3 live children but only 2 daughters made it out of infancy.

-Marie Louise: married Charles II of Spain. Married for 10 years but bore him no children. Her death devastated her husband who was in love with her until the day he died.

-Philippe: was named Duke of Valois. He died in infancy.

-Anne Marie: married Victor Amadeus II of Savoy. Had 9 children, but only 3 made it to adulthood and only one out lived her. The current Jacobite claim to the throne descends through her. If not for the ban on the Catholic claim to the throne, the throne would have passed to her line not the Hannoverians. Her daughter Marie Adelaide was the mother of Louis XV of France.


After her death Philippe remarried to Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine. She was a granddaughter of Elizabeth Stuart (daughter of James I). She was 19 at the time. Like Henrietta she had 3 kids, 2 to reach adulthood.

-Alexandre: like Henrietta's son, he was Duke of Valois. He died at age 3.

-Philippe: only son to reach adulthood. He was Duke of Orleans. He served as regent for Louis XV in his minority. Married Francois de Bourbon and had 8 children.

-Elisabeth Charlotte: married Leopold, Duke of Lorraine. Had 15 children. Through her son Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor she was grandmother of Marie Antoinette.


Philippe died in 1701 (his second wife died in 1722).

 

[LauraS3514]

June 30, 1670. Death of Princess Henrietta of England.


Henrietta was born June 16, 1644. She was the youngest child of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. Her mother was the daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de Medici. She was born at Bedford house on the eve of the second battle of Newbury during the English civil war.

She was one of nine children...:

-James: succeeded his brother as James II. Married Anne Hyde and Mary of Modena. Had three children who reached adulthood. Mary and Anne with Anne Hyder who would both reign as queens, and James with Mary who was known as the 'old pretender' and was father of Bonnie prince Charlie.

James II had a fourth legitimate child who reached adulthood: Louisa Maria Teresa (28 June 1692 – 18 April 1712) born to his second wife Mary of Modena. She died of smallpox in France at the age of 19.