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What a great find!
Of her sisters she outlived them all.
Princess Amelia died in 1810
Charlotte, Princess Royal died in 1828
Princess Sophia died in 1848
On This Day: British Royal Family
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What a great find!
Of her sisters she outlived them all.
Princess Amelia died in 1810
Charlotte, Princess Royal died in 1828
Princess Sophia died in 1848
Indeed, the last of a very large brood!
Victoria adored her aunt of course & was deeply upset by her passing.
Countessmeout
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She had five sisters, three older and 2 younger. Augusta and Elizabeth both died in 1840.
She outlived all of her siblings,
George IV: 1830 (68)
Frederick: 1827 (64)
William IV: 1835 (72)
Charlotte: 1828 (62)
Edward: 1820 (53)
Augusta Sophia : 1840 (72)
Elizabeth: 1840 (70)
Ernest Augustus:1851 (80)
Augustus Frederick: 1843 (70)
Adolphus: 1850 (76)
Mary: 1857 (81)
Sophia: 1848 (70)
Octavius: 1783 (4)
Alfred: 1782 (2)
Amelia: 1810 (27)
She had the distinction of oldest as well as last to die. Beating Ernest Augustus on both counts, by six years on date of death and 1 year on age.
LauraS3514
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The Duchess of Gloucester holds one other distinction: she is the only one of George III's children known to have been photographed.
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I had forgotten about Ernest Augustus ,so she had 3 siblings who were Kings.
Countessmeout
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April 30, 1383 birth of Anne of Gloucester, a granddaughter of Edward III.
Anne was the daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Gloucester. Thomas was the youngest son of Edward. Her mother was Eleanor de Bohun. Eleanor was the daughter of Humphrey, 7th earl of Hereford and Joan Fitzalan. Eleanor had been named for her maternal grandmother Eleanor of Lancaster, who was a granddaughter of Edmund Crouchback (son of Henry III). Eleanor was co-heiress to Humphrey's estate with her sister Mary. While Eleanor had married Thomas, her sister Mary was married to Thomas' nephew Henry Bollingsbrook (son of his brother John of Gaunt) the future Henry IV. Thomas had actually tried to make Mary become a nun, to ensure Eleanor inherited the entire estate, but his brother John got her married off to his son instead.
Eleanor and Thomas had five children. Anne's siblings:
-Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham-after the murder of Thomas, he was taken into the custody of Richard II along with the future Henry V. They were left in Ireland when Richard II went back to face Humphrey's Uncle Henry Bollingsbroke. After Richard was deposed, Henry summoned both his son and nephew Humphrey home. Unfortunately Humphrey was ill and died on the route back. His mother is said to have died of sorrow shortly after. He was only 18 at the time.
-Joan: was married to Gilbert Talbot, 5th lord Talbot. She died in childbirth at 16 years old. No living children.
-Isabel-became a nun.
-Philippa- date of death is unknown but she died young.
Anne was baptized in Pleshey Essex in May. Her Uncle John of Gaunt had been made to pay for the baptism. At 16 she became co-heiress to her father's estate when her brother died. She became soul heiress in 1400 as Joan had died and Isabel had taken her vows as a nun. She was Countess of Buckingham, Hereford and Northampton as well as Lady of Brecknock and Holdernes. Anne though opted never to use her titles, instead using those of her husband.
Her first marriage was to Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford. Thomas was the second son of the 2nd Earl of Stafford. His father had died in 1386, and his older brother Ralph the year before. Thomas of Woodstock took guardianship of Thomas' three younger brothers, while Thomas Stafford entered his service (he was knighted and went on campaign). William was 11, Edmund was 9 and Hugh was 4. Their mother had died the same year as their father. He had actually left on a trip to the Holy land after her death, in mourning, but died in Rhodes. Thomas was 20, and Anne was 7 when they were married in 1390, but her husband died 2 years later.
William who remained in the custody of Thomas, became the knew Earl. But he died three years after his brother. He was succeeded by his brother Edmund. Thomas of Woodstock married Anne to her former brother in law Edmund in 1398. They needed a special license due to her first marriage to his brother. But due to her age, her first marriage was not consummated so the license was given. This time Anne was 15 and her husband was 21, only 6 years older then his bride (unlike his brother who had been 13 years).
Unfortunately for Anne, Edmund was only slightly longer lived then his brothers, dying in 1403 at the age of 25. Unlike his brothers, he left heirs.
Humphrey- inherited his mother's titles, and in 1444 was created Duke of Buckingham. He was married to Lady Anne Neville. Anne was the daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmoreland and his 2nd wife Joan. Anne was a granddaughter of John of Gaunt, her mother was his daughter by his third wife Katheryn. Ralph Neville's first wife had been Humphrey's paternal Aunt Margaret Stafford (older sister of Edmund and Thomas).
Anne- married Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund was a great-grandson of Lionel of Antwerp. Their marriage was childless. Her second marriage was to John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter. Anne was the first of John's three wives and bore him his heir Henry as well as a daughter Anne. Henry would marry Anne of York (sister of Edward IV and Richard III). Anne married three times, but only had a child by her second husband. Her second husband Ralph was her relative. Ralph's maternal grandmother was Margaret Stafford. They had one son Ralph who was 3rd Earl of Westmoreland and gave her two grandchildren.
Philippa- died young.
After the death of Edmund in 1403 fighting with the king at the Battle of Shrewsbury, Anne would marry a third time. Her third husband was William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu. He was an English knight who had been created Count of Eu by Henry V. They married in 1405 when she was 22 years old and her groom was 31. This marriage would last for 15 years before her husband died in 1420.
During her marriage to William she had 5 children:
-Henry: he inherited the title Baron Bouchier from a cousin in 1433, and was raised to Viscount in 1446. He was made 1st Earl of Exeter in 1461. He married Isabel of Cambridge, a daughter of the 3rd Earl of Cambridge. Her father was the son of Edmund, Duke of York (4th son of Edward III). Isabel's brother Richard was the father of Richard III and Edward IV. The couple had 11 children. Their eldest son William would marry Anne Woodville, a younger sister of Queen Elizabeth Woodville.
-Eleanor: married John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. The couple were said to have married for love (known for going off to have romantic trysts together). They had one son John who inherited the title when his dad died when he was 17. John married Elizabeth Talbott but the duchy became extinct on John's death, though the Earldom was inherited by Eleanor's granddaughter Anne. Anne unfortunately died at 9, married to Richard of York (one of the princes in the tower).
-William: was 9th baron Fitzwarin. He married twice. His first wife Thomasine Hankford was a co-heiress of Sir Richard Hankford. Her mother Elizabeth had been the 8th baroness, and William became Baron Fitzwarin through their marriage. They inherited part of her father's estate as well as her father had a child from a second marriage to inherited part. Thomasine bore him two children. Their son Fulk succeeded as 10th baron, and had 3 children, one of whom became the 1st Earl of Bath. Fulk's daughter Elizabeth was the mother of Anne Stanhope, sister in law of Jane Seymour. They also had a daughter Blanche. William's second marriage was to Catherine de Affeton, an heiress as well, with whom he had no children.
-Thomas: was Bishop of Wincester and later Ely before serving as Archbishop of Canterbury. He was made a cardinal in 1467. He crowned three kings: Edward IV, Richard III and Henry VII.
-John: In 1455 he was made Baron Berners. He was constable of Windsor castle from 1461-1474. His title came from his wife's family name, having married Margery, the daughter of Sir Richard Berners. The couple had 2 children. His son Humphrey died before him so his grandson John succeeded him. Humphrey's had 3 children with his wife Elizabeth Tilney, who later went on to marry Thomas Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk. John, 2nd Baron Berners was half-brother of Edmund (Katherine Howard's father) and Elizabeth (mother of Anne and Mary Boelyn, grandmother of Elizabeth I). John (1st Baron) and Margery's daughter married Sir Henry Neville with whom she had three kids.
Anne died 18 years after her third husband, in 1438. She was buried at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Secunda_Priory
Anne was the daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Gloucester. Thomas was the youngest son of Edward. Her mother was Eleanor de Bohun. Eleanor was the daughter of Humphrey, 7th earl of Hereford and Joan Fitzalan. Eleanor had been named for her maternal grandmother Eleanor of Lancaster, who was a granddaughter of Edmund Crouchback (son of Henry III). Eleanor was co-heiress to Humphrey's estate with her sister Mary. While Eleanor had married Thomas, her sister Mary was married to Thomas' nephew Henry Bollingsbrook (son of his brother John of Gaunt) the future Henry IV. Thomas had actually tried to make Mary become a nun, to ensure Eleanor inherited the entire estate, but his brother John got her married off to his son instead.
Eleanor and Thomas had five children. Anne's siblings:
-Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham-after the murder of Thomas, he was taken into the custody of Richard II along with the future Henry V. They were left in Ireland when Richard II went back to face Humphrey's Uncle Henry Bollingsbroke. After Richard was deposed, Henry summoned both his son and nephew Humphrey home. Unfortunately Humphrey was ill and died on the route back. His mother is said to have died of sorrow shortly after. He was only 18 at the time.
-Joan: was married to Gilbert Talbot, 5th lord Talbot. She died in childbirth at 16 years old. No living children.
-Isabel-became a nun.
-Philippa- date of death is unknown but she died young.
Anne was baptized in Pleshey Essex in May. Her Uncle John of Gaunt had been made to pay for the baptism. At 16 she became co-heiress to her father's estate when her brother died. She became soul heiress in 1400 as Joan had died and Isabel had taken her vows as a nun. She was Countess of Buckingham, Hereford and Northampton as well as Lady of Brecknock and Holdernes. Anne though opted never to use her titles, instead using those of her husband.
Her first marriage was to Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford. Thomas was the second son of the 2nd Earl of Stafford. His father had died in 1386, and his older brother Ralph the year before. Thomas of Woodstock took guardianship of Thomas' three younger brothers, while Thomas Stafford entered his service (he was knighted and went on campaign). William was 11, Edmund was 9 and Hugh was 4. Their mother had died the same year as their father. He had actually left on a trip to the Holy land after her death, in mourning, but died in Rhodes. Thomas was 20, and Anne was 7 when they were married in 1390, but her husband died 2 years later.
William who remained in the custody of Thomas, became the knew Earl. But he died three years after his brother. He was succeeded by his brother Edmund. Thomas of Woodstock married Anne to her former brother in law Edmund in 1398. They needed a special license due to her first marriage to his brother. But due to her age, her first marriage was not consummated so the license was given. This time Anne was 15 and her husband was 21, only 6 years older then his bride (unlike his brother who had been 13 years).
Unfortunately for Anne, Edmund was only slightly longer lived then his brothers, dying in 1403 at the age of 25. Unlike his brothers, he left heirs.
Humphrey- inherited his mother's titles, and in 1444 was created Duke of Buckingham. He was married to Lady Anne Neville. Anne was the daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmoreland and his 2nd wife Joan. Anne was a granddaughter of John of Gaunt, her mother was his daughter by his third wife Katheryn. Ralph Neville's first wife had been Humphrey's paternal Aunt Margaret Stafford (older sister of Edmund and Thomas).
Anne- married Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund was a great-grandson of Lionel of Antwerp. Their marriage was childless. Her second marriage was to John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter. Anne was the first of John's three wives and bore him his heir Henry as well as a daughter Anne. Henry would marry Anne of York (sister of Edward IV and Richard III). Anne married three times, but only had a child by her second husband. Her second husband Ralph was her relative. Ralph's maternal grandmother was Margaret Stafford. They had one son Ralph who was 3rd Earl of Westmoreland and gave her two grandchildren.
Philippa- died young.
After the death of Edmund in 1403 fighting with the king at the Battle of Shrewsbury, Anne would marry a third time. Her third husband was William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu. He was an English knight who had been created Count of Eu by Henry V. They married in 1405 when she was 22 years old and her groom was 31. This marriage would last for 15 years before her husband died in 1420.
During her marriage to William she had 5 children:
-Henry: he inherited the title Baron Bouchier from a cousin in 1433, and was raised to Viscount in 1446. He was made 1st Earl of Exeter in 1461. He married Isabel of Cambridge, a daughter of the 3rd Earl of Cambridge. Her father was the son of Edmund, Duke of York (4th son of Edward III). Isabel's brother Richard was the father of Richard III and Edward IV. The couple had 11 children. Their eldest son William would marry Anne Woodville, a younger sister of Queen Elizabeth Woodville.
-Eleanor: married John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. The couple were said to have married for love (known for going off to have romantic trysts together). They had one son John who inherited the title when his dad died when he was 17. John married Elizabeth Talbott but the duchy became extinct on John's death, though the Earldom was inherited by Eleanor's granddaughter Anne. Anne unfortunately died at 9, married to Richard of York (one of the princes in the tower).
-William: was 9th baron Fitzwarin. He married twice. His first wife Thomasine Hankford was a co-heiress of Sir Richard Hankford. Her mother Elizabeth had been the 8th baroness, and William became Baron Fitzwarin through their marriage. They inherited part of her father's estate as well as her father had a child from a second marriage to inherited part. Thomasine bore him two children. Their son Fulk succeeded as 10th baron, and had 3 children, one of whom became the 1st Earl of Bath. Fulk's daughter Elizabeth was the mother of Anne Stanhope, sister in law of Jane Seymour. They also had a daughter Blanche. William's second marriage was to Catherine de Affeton, an heiress as well, with whom he had no children.
-Thomas: was Bishop of Wincester and later Ely before serving as Archbishop of Canterbury. He was made a cardinal in 1467. He crowned three kings: Edward IV, Richard III and Henry VII.
-John: In 1455 he was made Baron Berners. He was constable of Windsor castle from 1461-1474. His title came from his wife's family name, having married Margery, the daughter of Sir Richard Berners. The couple had 2 children. His son Humphrey died before him so his grandson John succeeded him. Humphrey's had 3 children with his wife Elizabeth Tilney, who later went on to marry Thomas Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk. John, 2nd Baron Berners was half-brother of Edmund (Katherine Howard's father) and Elizabeth (mother of Anne and Mary Boelyn, grandmother of Elizabeth I). John (1st Baron) and Margery's daughter married Sir Henry Neville with whom she had three kids.
Anne died 18 years after her third husband, in 1438. She was buried at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanthony_Secunda_Priory
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1 May 1118,Death of Matilda of Scotland
Matilda was the daughter of Malcolm III and Margret of Wessex she was married to Henry 1st of England and the mother of the Empress Matilda.the queen died at Westminster Palace and is buried at Westminster Abbey.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland
Matilda was the daughter of Malcolm III and Margret of Wessex she was married to Henry 1st of England and the mother of the Empress Matilda.the queen died at Westminster Palace and is buried at Westminster Abbey.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland
1 May 1118,Death of Matilda of Scotland
Matilda was the daughter of Malcolm III and Margret of Wessex she was married to Henry 1st of England and the mother of the Empress Matilda.the queen died at Westminster Palace and is buried at Westminster Abbey.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland
She brought the bloodline of the ancient Anglo-Saxon kings of course. At least after her the rulers of England (apart from Stephen) had some link back to the old kings.
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But Stephen's wife was Matilda's niece so she had that link.
I should also point out that William the Conqueror's wife Matilda of Flanders was a descendant of Alfred the Great through his daughter Aelfthryth wife of Count Baldwin II of Flanders.
But as you point out Matilda of Scotland brought many more generations of that bloodline.
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Countessmeout
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So Stephen had no link, but if he had been succeeded by one of his sons, his son would have carried the ancient blood. Of their five children, only one had any children though. Their daughter Marie who had once been a nun until after the death of her brothers, had 2 daughters both who had kids.May 2 1230- death of William de Braose.
Though not a royal himself he was a player in the Welsh borders, a powerful Marcher Lord. And connected to Llywelyn the Great by marriage of their kids. His father Reginald de Braose had rebelled against King John, though he was pardoned and lands restored later by Henry III. His mother was Graecia Brewer, a daughter of William Brewer. William was a powerful land holder and judge during the reigns of Richard and John.
William, and his family before him, were not popular among the other Marcher lords. He was known as 'The Black'.
He was married to Eva Marshall. Eva's father was William Marshal, 1st earl of Pembroke. Her father had served Henry II as well as all three of his sons who became kings (Henry the younger, Richard the lionheart and John) and grandson Henry III. Eva's brother married Princess Eleanor, the daughter of King John. While her sister Isabel had married John's second son Richard.
Eva bore her husband four daughters:
-Isabella: she became princess of Wales on her marriage to Dafydd II, Prince of Wales. Their marriage was childless.
-Maude: was married to Rodger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer. He was a powerful marcher lord who opposed the Welsh princes, siding with Henry III. The couple had 7 children. Their son Edmund was the father of Rodger Mortimer, who supported Isabella of France in her over throw of Edward II.
-Eleanor: married Humphrey de Bohun, the son of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford. Her husband outlived her, but not his father, so the title Earl of Hereford was inherited by their son instead. The couple had four children. They were ancestors of Mary and Anne Boelyn, and Elizabeth I through the Butler family.
-Eva: married William III de Cantilupe. They had three children.
William was captured by LLywelyn the Great in 1228 but was ransomed. He further made peace by arranging the marriage of his daughter Isabella to Prince Daffyd. Unfortunately William had an affair to Llywelyn's wife, Joan. Joan was a natural daughter of King John. While Joan was imprisoned for a year, and later forgiven by her husband, William was not so lucky. While the marriage went on between their children, Llywelyn had William hung in public. After the death of her husband Eva remained in control of her husband's lands, her daughters joint heiresses to the estate.
William was an ancestor to 4 of Henry VIII's queens (Anne Boelyn, Katherine Howard, Katherine Parr and Jane Seymour).
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2 May 1302 -Death of Blanche d'Artois -Queen and Regent of Navarre,Countess of Champagne and Brie and later Countess of of Lancaster.
Blanche was a French Princess she was the daughter of Robert I, Count of Artois, and Matilda of Brabant,she was a niece of Louis IX of France.Blanche was married to Henri Ier of Navarre in 1269 their only surviving child was the future Jeanne Ier of Navarre.Following the death of her husband in 1274 ,Blanche acted as Queen Regent of Navarre for her daughter .In October 1276 Blanche was married off to Edmund "Crouchback", 1st Earl of Lancaster, 1st Earl of Leicester, and Earl of Derby,the couple had 3 surviving sons.
Queen Blanche died suddenly in Paris on May 2nd,1302 her remains were brought back to London and buried at the now destroyed Minoresses Convent chapel, Aldgate, London.The convent was founded by Queen Blanche in 1291 was dissolved in March 1539.
Blanche was a French Princess she was the daughter of Robert I, Count of Artois, and Matilda of Brabant,she was a niece of Louis IX of France.Blanche was married to Henri Ier of Navarre in 1269 their only surviving child was the future Jeanne Ier of Navarre.Following the death of her husband in 1274 ,Blanche acted as Queen Regent of Navarre for her daughter .In October 1276 Blanche was married off to Edmund "Crouchback", 1st Earl of Lancaster, 1st Earl of Leicester, and Earl of Derby,the couple had 3 surviving sons.
Queen Blanche died suddenly in Paris on May 2nd,1302 her remains were brought back to London and buried at the now destroyed Minoresses Convent chapel, Aldgate, London.The convent was founded by Queen Blanche in 1291 was dissolved in March 1539.
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3rd of May 1415 : Birth of Cecily Neville, later Duchess of York and mother of 2 kings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecily_Neville,_Duchess_of_York
3rd of May 1446 -Birth of Margaret of York,later Duchess of Burgundy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_York
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecily_Neville,_Duchess_of_York
3rd of May 1446 -Birth of Margaret of York,later Duchess of Burgundy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_York
victoriaalix
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6th of May 2019: The birth of Archie Mountbatten-Windsor, the first child of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.
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15th of May 1464 - Execution of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset,Earl of Somerset.
Henry Beaufort was a leading Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses and was beheaded after their defeat at the at the Battle of Hexham,his remains were buried at Hexham Abbey.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hexham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexham_Abbey
Henry Beaufort was a leading Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses and was beheaded after their defeat at the at the Battle of Hexham,his remains were buried at Hexham Abbey.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hexham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexham_Abbey
Countessmeout
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May 17, 1443- birth of Edmund of Rutland.
Edmund was the 4th child and third son of Richard of York and Cecily Neville. He was a descendent of Edward III on both sides. Richard's grandfather Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son of Edward. While his mother Cecily was a granddaughter of John of Gaunt (her mother Joan was his daughter by his third wife). It is the source of the York claim to the throne.
Edmund had 11 siblings:
Anne: Her first husband was Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter. He sided with the Lancasters in the war of the roses and Anne divorced him. She divorced him when he was imprisoned (he later drowned at sea returning from France, at the suggestion of his brother in law Edward). They had one daughter Anne who married the Marques of Dorset but she died childless. Her second husband Thomas St Leger was a loyal Yorkist.The couple had one daughter Anne who was heir by special remainder to Henry Holland's estate. Anne married George Manners, Baron de Ros and unlike her half sister she had 11 children. Their son Thomas was a favorite of Henry VIII. Anne of York died giving birth to her second daughter.
Henry: died young
Edward: Became Edward IV. Through his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville he would be the maternal grandfather of Henry VIII.
Elizabeth: married John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk. The couple had 11 children. Her son John was the designated heir of Richard III.
Margaret: married Charles the Bold of Burgundy. She had no children by her husband. She was considered a valuable political ally for her husband, and the Burgundian court following his death.
William: died young
John: died young
George: became duke of Clarence. Married Isabel Neville. He was drowned in a butt of wine while imprisoned by his brother in the tower. He was the father of Margaret Pole.
Thomas: died young
Richard: became Richard III. Married Anne Neville. His only son died young, and his nephew John was his heir when he died and Henry Tudor took the throne from the Yorks.
Ursula: died young.
Edmund was born in Rouen while his father was Lord Lieutenant of France, Rouen being the capital of English territory in France at the time. Sometime before 1454 he was named Earl of Rutland by Henry VI. The date is unknown but a letter by him and his brother Edward that year was signed E.Rutland and E. Marche which were their titles.
In 1451 Edmund was made Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He was 8. His father was the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at the time.
Unfortunately Edmund died at the age of 17. He was involved in the Battle of Wakefield and died either during it or shortly after. He tried to escape after the battle turned against his father but he was killed by Lord Clifford or at least by his order. His head joined that of his father and his uncle Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury on the gates of York.
He was originally buried with his father at Pontefract priory. They were both later reburied with full pomp in the vaults of Fotheringhay Castle. The castle had been given to Edmund of Langley by his father, and had been a favorite of Richard of York and his wife.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotheringhay_Castle
Edmund was the 4th child and third son of Richard of York and Cecily Neville. He was a descendent of Edward III on both sides. Richard's grandfather Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son of Edward. While his mother Cecily was a granddaughter of John of Gaunt (her mother Joan was his daughter by his third wife). It is the source of the York claim to the throne.
Edmund had 11 siblings:
Anne: Her first husband was Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter. He sided with the Lancasters in the war of the roses and Anne divorced him. She divorced him when he was imprisoned (he later drowned at sea returning from France, at the suggestion of his brother in law Edward). They had one daughter Anne who married the Marques of Dorset but she died childless. Her second husband Thomas St Leger was a loyal Yorkist.The couple had one daughter Anne who was heir by special remainder to Henry Holland's estate. Anne married George Manners, Baron de Ros and unlike her half sister she had 11 children. Their son Thomas was a favorite of Henry VIII. Anne of York died giving birth to her second daughter.
Henry: died young
Edward: Became Edward IV. Through his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville he would be the maternal grandfather of Henry VIII.
Elizabeth: married John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk. The couple had 11 children. Her son John was the designated heir of Richard III.
Margaret: married Charles the Bold of Burgundy. She had no children by her husband. She was considered a valuable political ally for her husband, and the Burgundian court following his death.
William: died young
John: died young
George: became duke of Clarence. Married Isabel Neville. He was drowned in a butt of wine while imprisoned by his brother in the tower. He was the father of Margaret Pole.
Thomas: died young
Richard: became Richard III. Married Anne Neville. His only son died young, and his nephew John was his heir when he died and Henry Tudor took the throne from the Yorks.
Ursula: died young.
Edmund was born in Rouen while his father was Lord Lieutenant of France, Rouen being the capital of English territory in France at the time. Sometime before 1454 he was named Earl of Rutland by Henry VI. The date is unknown but a letter by him and his brother Edward that year was signed E.Rutland and E. Marche which were their titles.
In 1451 Edmund was made Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He was 8. His father was the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at the time.
Unfortunately Edmund died at the age of 17. He was involved in the Battle of Wakefield and died either during it or shortly after. He tried to escape after the battle turned against his father but he was killed by Lord Clifford or at least by his order. His head joined that of his father and his uncle Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury on the gates of York.
He was originally buried with his father at Pontefract priory. They were both later reburied with full pomp in the vaults of Fotheringhay Castle. The castle had been given to Edmund of Langley by his father, and had been a favorite of Richard of York and his wife.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotheringhay_Castle
LauraS3514
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No, the primary basis of the York claim to the throne was via their descent from Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, the SECOND son of Edward III. He had only one child, his daughter Philippa. Philippa's son Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, was considered the heir of his childless cousin Richard II as the next in line by descent, and his children inherited that claim after the usurpation of Henry IV. Both his sons died childless and it was Roger's daughter and ultimate heir, Anne Mortimer, who was the mother of Richard Duke of York; Edward IV was known as The Earl of March during his father's lifetime.
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Countessmeout
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His descent from Lionel of Antwerp is through the female line, and Twice at that. His descent from Edmund (even if the 3rd son) is through the male line, a stronger claim by far. Either way, Edward IV made his claim to the throne via both his parents who were both descendants of Edward III (though 2 out of 3 of those lines of descent were in the female line).
No, LauraS354 is correct. Richard Duke of York argued he had a better claim to the throne than Henry VI because he descended from the second surviving son of Edward III while Henry descended from the third son.
Think about it. How would his patrilineal line from a fourth son trump Henry's own patrilineal line from the third son?
The Salic Law didn't exist in England. Edward III based his hereditary claim to France through his mother.
Neither side messed about when it came to dispatching their enemies at this time. The viciousness of this sort of summary justice (Edward of Westminster is another example) had become commonplace during these dynastic squabbles. The Battle of Towton, three years before Hexham, had been a truly dreadful slaughter where no quarter had been given. Sometimes these conflicts, the Wars of the Roses, are romanticized too much.
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And those who lost out during the Yorkist victories had their lands and titles restored under the Tudors,how the wheel changes!
Yes indeed it does. Henry Tudor was very clever at ensuring the survival of his dynasty & bringing an end to the conflict.
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And her rewarded those loyal to him like the son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset who's land and titles were restored.
I'd hate to be on the wrong side of him
And her rewarded those loyal to him like the son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset who's land and titles were restored.
I'd hate to be on the wrong side of him
Or his mother!
Countessmeout
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Yes but Edward III on his death entailed the throne to his grandson Richard II but with his heirs to be 'his closest Male relatives'. That is why John of Gaunt and his son Henry (future Henry IV) were the heirs to Richard II. Lionel had died 9 years before his father, leaving John the senior male after his nephew.
Richard and his sons took their claim from being descended from Edward III. Edward III dictated the throne should pass to his Male heirs. By that measure, their descent from Edmund (and in a direct male line) made that claim much stronger then his descent from Lionel.
Its very much the same reason Henry VII married Edward's daughter. He knew his claim was weaker because it was through the female line. By marrying a male line descendent, he strengthened the claim of himself and his children.
No, on October 16, 1460 a representative for Richard Duke of York entered Parliament and specifically claimed the throne on his behalf through his descent from Lionel Duke of Clarence, the second son of Edward III.
Following your own argument, how would his descent from Edmund Duke of York (Edward's fourth son) give him a better claim than Henry VI, who was the great-grandson and heir of John of Gaunt?
Besides, Edward III's entail reflected his own personal wish. It wasn't binding on his successors and its contents weren't widely known. It's even possible he may have rescinded it before his death. There is evidence that Richard II may have preferred Roger Mortimer as his heir over John of Gaunt whom he mistrusted (Roger was the grandson of Lionel Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of York's grandfather).
Henry IV did not succeed Richard II because he was his legal heir, he succeeded him because he had seized the throne. Roger Mortimer was already dead and his own son was a child incapable of challenging Henry. Henry IV also considered claiming the throne through his mother's descent from Edmund Earl of Lancaster, alleging that he (not Edward I) was the oldest of Henry III.
Source: Michael Bennett, "Edward III's Entail and the Succession to the Crown,1376-1471," English Historical Review, Vol. 113, June 1998, pp. 580-609.
No, Henry VII did not believe his claim was weaker than his wife's. He married her to unite two warring factions. Otherwise, why did he wait four months before he married Elizabeth, after he had already been crowned king and after a papal dispensation had already been granted? If Elizabeth's claim was better than his, he would have snapped her up immediately, before someone else did. Besides, the children of Edward IV (including Elizabeth) were declared bastards by Parliament during the reign of Richard III and therefore had no succession rights. Henry did not reverse this until after his marriage.
Finally, marrying Elizabeth did not erase the fact that her first cousin Edward Earl of Warwick was Edward III's male heir and should have been king if the entail had been followed.
Source: David Johnson, "Ardent Suitor or Reluctant Groom? Henry VII and Elizabeth of York," Ricardian Bulletin, March 2020, pp.37-41.
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On this day,May 22nd 1409 : Death of Blanche of Lancaster
Daughter of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun ,Blanche was born in 1392 and was later married to Louis III, Elector Palatine.Blanche gave birth to a son Rupert in 1406 but died in 1409 aged just 17. Her remains are buried at the Collegiate Church in Neustadt .
Daughter of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun ,Blanche was born in 1392 and was later married to Louis III, Elector Palatine.Blanche gave birth to a son Rupert in 1406 but died in 1409 aged just 17. Her remains are buried at the Collegiate Church in Neustadt .
Countessmeout
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Named for her paternal grandmother, also known as Blanche of Lancaster. Her paternal grandfather John of Gaunt became Duke of Lancaster after the death of his father in law Henry of Grosmont. The title had gone extinct as Henry only had daughters, and was created for Blanche's husband.Her son Rupert would die at the age of 20. He died 10 years before his father so Louis was succeeded by his eldest son from his second marriage.
May 23, 1533 the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon was annulled. The couple had been married for nearly 24 years, married June 11, 1509. Catherine was 48 and Henry was 42.
Catherine was the youngest child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. To note the only 2 marriages Henry annulled (2 beheaded, 1 died and one survived) were his only two wives who were princesses by birth.
Catherine first came to England to marry Henry's brother Arthur. They were married November 14, 1501 at Old St Paul's cathedral. Arthur had turned 15 2 months before, and she was just short of her 16th birthday. Sadly the marriage lasted less then 6 months. They had been sent to Ludlow castle on the border of Wales shortly after they wed. They both became ill with the sweating sickness. While Catherine recovered, Arthur died April 2, 1502.
Henry VII didn't want to return her dowry, though he had not received it all. Catherine basically became a prisoner at Durham house in London. There was a thought to marry her to Henry VII himself but then his younger son Henry. When her mother died though, and her sister Joanna became queen of Castie, her value as a bride went down. She struggled financially.
Henry VII died in April 1509 and Henry chose to marry Catherine. They had to gain special permission to marry as marrying the widow of your brother was not considered legal. Catherine testified that she and Arthur had never consummated their marriage, and they were given permission to wed. They were married June 11 1509, 7 years after Arthur died. Catherine was later crowned June 23, and was well received and continued to be loved by the people of England through out her life (even after annulment).
Sadly for her she only had one child to survive to adulthood
-still birth in 1510
-Henry, Duke of Cornwall was born on Jan 1, 1511. He died after 52 days of life on February 22.
-September 1513 she had a son who was either stillborn or died shortly
-December 1514 she had another short lived son
-February 18 1516 she gave birth to Mary. Mary would go on to be Mary I of England. While she died at age 42 (reigning for 5 years) she and her husband Philip II of Spain would have no children.
-November 1518 she gave birth to a daughter who died hours later
Anne Boeylyn entered the picture in 1525 and the king was enamoured with her. Her sister Mary had been his mistress and he was likely father to her daughter and likely her son. He had only one acknowledged bastard, a son Henry Fitzroy by Bessie Blount, who was 6 at the time. He was married to Anne Boelyn's cousin Mary Howard (daughter of the Duke of Norfolk). He died at 17 and it is said his marriage was not consummated.
Henry tried for years to have the marriage annulled. Catherine's nephew who was Holy Roman emperor and had a great deal of influence with the Pope aided her. Catherine was banished from court and her rooms given to Anne. Catherine had support from Charles V, Mary Tudor (Henry's own sister), Thomas More, Pope Paul III and even Protestant reformer Martin Luther voice his support of her. The fight for an annulment led to the creation of the Church of England.
Henry didn't wait until their marriage was annulled. Shortly after a trip to France he married Anne November 14, 1532 though they later married again in January 1533.
When Cranmer became archbishop of Canterbury he hasted to take the annulment to court. He had Catherine and Henry's marriage annulled on the grounds of her prior marriage though they had been married due to it being sworn never to be consummated in the first place. Cranmer validated Henry's marriage to Anne which was performed months prior. She was pregnant with a baby they hoped would be a heir, why the rush to marry. Unfortunately for Anne it was a daughter Elizabeth born in September.
Catherine died at Kimbolton castle 3 years later, in 1536. She was forbidden to see her daughter or write to her during her years in exile.
Countessmeout
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May 24 1425, death of Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany.
Murdoch was the son of Robert, Duke of Albany. Robert himself was the third son of Robert II and his first wife Elizabeth Mure (Elizabeth was the mother of his first 10 children including Robert III. He had four others by Euphemia Ross). Robert of Albany was married twice himself. Murdoch was his son by his first wife Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith. He was the only son of this marriage with 7 sisters. After his mother died in 1380, his father remarried to Muriella Keith with whom he had three children.
Murdoch's siblings:
-Lady Janet Stewart married Sir David de Moubray
-Lady Margaret- married Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk. She was his third wife and bore him his heir John.
-Lady Mary Stewart married Sir William Abernathy, 6th of Saltoun
-Lady Joan- married Sir Robert Stewart, 1st Lord of Lorne and had kids
-Lady Beatrice- married James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas. All of his children seemed to have been from a second marriage after she died
-Lady Isobel-Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross. Their daughter Euphemia took the veil and bequeathed her fortune to her mother's half brother John. She later married Walter de Haliburton, 1st Lord Haliburton of Dirleton with whom she had descendents.
-Marjorie: married Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell. They had one son Archibald whose son Collin was chief of clan Campbell.
his half siblings:
-John Stewart, Earl of Buchan: inherited his half niece Ephemia's fortune. His death lead to the death of Murdoch.
-Robert Stewart, earl of Ross: never married or had kids
-Lady Elizabeth: married Malcolm Fleming. They were the ancestors of Malcom Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming who served as lord chamberlain to James V.
Murdoch served as regent at various times to three kings, Robert II (his grandfather), Robert III (his Uncle) and James I (his cousin). During his father's life time he was Justiciar of the north, the highest legal position in the north at the time. With his father he worked for many years to build the power and wealth of their family. This brought them into conflict with other northern families, mainly the Lord of the Isles.
He was captured when he accompanied Archibald Douglas in an invasion of England at the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402. He would spend the next 12 years as a prison in England.
His father spent this time seizing power where he could back in Scotland. His nephew David died in his care, and his brother Robert III sent his younger son James away unfortunately he was captured by pirates and handed over to Henry IV. Robert III died and Robert of Albany became Governor of Scotland. Robert III died in 1406. In 1416 Robert of Albany arranged ransom, not for his nephew King James I, but for his own son Murdoch. Murdoch was exchanged with the Earl of Northumberland. James I would remain in England for 18 years.
In 1420 at the age of 58 Murdoch became Duke of Albany and Governor on the death of his father. In 1423 Murdoch was convinced to do what his father had not, and sent people to negotiate the release of his cousin James.
In 1424 James and his new queen returned to Scotland, and Murdoch lost his position as regent. James was unable to act against Murdoch due to the power the Albany family still had. Mainly in the form of Murdoch's brother John. John at the time was the constable of France, and was serving with their French allies. He was also the leader of a massive Scottish army that James feared. Unfortunately for Murdoch, John was killed in August 1424, and with his death the fear of his army went away.
Murdoch, his wife Isabelle and several of his sons were arrested. He, his sons Walter and Alexander, and the Earl of Lennox were tried and found guilty of treason. They were executed at Stirling castle. Murdoch was buried at Blackfriar's church. He was attained, all his titles and lands forefeit.
Murdoch had been married to Isabella daughter of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox. Her father was executed with her husband and their sons. She bore Murdoch five children:
-Robert who died in 1421
-Walter who was executed with his father in 1425
-Alexander who was executed with his father in 1425
-James
-Isabel who married Sir Walter Buchanan, 12th Laird of Buchanan.
His son James was known as James the fat, and the only one to survive his father's execution for treason. James attempted to take Dumbarton but he eventually fled to Ireland. A fleet later came to bring him back to Scotland in 1449 but he died before he made it back to Scotland to try and claim it.
Murdoch's widow Isabella would survive, though she spent seven years imprisoned after the execution of her husband, father and elder sons. In 1437 she would reclaim her titles and lands, James I having died, though she was forced to over see her lands from her home on Loch Lomond. She raised most of her grandchildren at her home on Loch Lomond before her death in 1458.
Her son James the fat never married but he had seven children with his mistress, an unnamed member of clan MacDonald. His son James Beag Stewart lived peacefully in Scotland and never laid claim as his father had. He married a daughter of Lord Buchanan, and their eldest son became a royal magistrate of sorts. The Stewarts of Ardvorlich, Glen Buckie, Gartnafuaran and Annat and their cadet families are all descended from him.
Walter was married to Janet Erskine, the daughter of Sir Robert, 1st Lord Erskine. He had at least four sons, Andrew, Walter, Arthur and Murdoch and one daughter Marian. His son Andrew became Lord Avandale, and was lord chancellor for James III.
Murdoch was the son of Robert, Duke of Albany. Robert himself was the third son of Robert II and his first wife Elizabeth Mure (Elizabeth was the mother of his first 10 children including Robert III. He had four others by Euphemia Ross). Robert of Albany was married twice himself. Murdoch was his son by his first wife Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith. He was the only son of this marriage with 7 sisters. After his mother died in 1380, his father remarried to Muriella Keith with whom he had three children.
Murdoch's siblings:
-Lady Janet Stewart married Sir David de Moubray
-Lady Margaret- married Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk. She was his third wife and bore him his heir John.
-Lady Mary Stewart married Sir William Abernathy, 6th of Saltoun
-Lady Joan- married Sir Robert Stewart, 1st Lord of Lorne and had kids
-Lady Beatrice- married James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas. All of his children seemed to have been from a second marriage after she died
-Lady Isobel-Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross. Their daughter Euphemia took the veil and bequeathed her fortune to her mother's half brother John. She later married Walter de Haliburton, 1st Lord Haliburton of Dirleton with whom she had descendents.
-Marjorie: married Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell. They had one son Archibald whose son Collin was chief of clan Campbell.
his half siblings:
-John Stewart, Earl of Buchan: inherited his half niece Ephemia's fortune. His death lead to the death of Murdoch.
-Robert Stewart, earl of Ross: never married or had kids
-Lady Elizabeth: married Malcolm Fleming. They were the ancestors of Malcom Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming who served as lord chamberlain to James V.
Murdoch served as regent at various times to three kings, Robert II (his grandfather), Robert III (his Uncle) and James I (his cousin). During his father's life time he was Justiciar of the north, the highest legal position in the north at the time. With his father he worked for many years to build the power and wealth of their family. This brought them into conflict with other northern families, mainly the Lord of the Isles.
He was captured when he accompanied Archibald Douglas in an invasion of England at the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402. He would spend the next 12 years as a prison in England.
His father spent this time seizing power where he could back in Scotland. His nephew David died in his care, and his brother Robert III sent his younger son James away unfortunately he was captured by pirates and handed over to Henry IV. Robert III died and Robert of Albany became Governor of Scotland. Robert III died in 1406. In 1416 Robert of Albany arranged ransom, not for his nephew King James I, but for his own son Murdoch. Murdoch was exchanged with the Earl of Northumberland. James I would remain in England for 18 years.
In 1420 at the age of 58 Murdoch became Duke of Albany and Governor on the death of his father. In 1423 Murdoch was convinced to do what his father had not, and sent people to negotiate the release of his cousin James.
In 1424 James and his new queen returned to Scotland, and Murdoch lost his position as regent. James was unable to act against Murdoch due to the power the Albany family still had. Mainly in the form of Murdoch's brother John. John at the time was the constable of France, and was serving with their French allies. He was also the leader of a massive Scottish army that James feared. Unfortunately for Murdoch, John was killed in August 1424, and with his death the fear of his army went away.
Murdoch, his wife Isabelle and several of his sons were arrested. He, his sons Walter and Alexander, and the Earl of Lennox were tried and found guilty of treason. They were executed at Stirling castle. Murdoch was buried at Blackfriar's church. He was attained, all his titles and lands forefeit.
Murdoch had been married to Isabella daughter of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox. Her father was executed with her husband and their sons. She bore Murdoch five children:
-Robert who died in 1421
-Walter who was executed with his father in 1425
-Alexander who was executed with his father in 1425
-James
-Isabel who married Sir Walter Buchanan, 12th Laird of Buchanan.
His son James was known as James the fat, and the only one to survive his father's execution for treason. James attempted to take Dumbarton but he eventually fled to Ireland. A fleet later came to bring him back to Scotland in 1449 but he died before he made it back to Scotland to try and claim it.
Murdoch's widow Isabella would survive, though she spent seven years imprisoned after the execution of her husband, father and elder sons. In 1437 she would reclaim her titles and lands, James I having died, though she was forced to over see her lands from her home on Loch Lomond. She raised most of her grandchildren at her home on Loch Lomond before her death in 1458.
Her son James the fat never married but he had seven children with his mistress, an unnamed member of clan MacDonald. His son James Beag Stewart lived peacefully in Scotland and never laid claim as his father had. He married a daughter of Lord Buchanan, and their eldest son became a royal magistrate of sorts. The Stewarts of Ardvorlich, Glen Buckie, Gartnafuaran and Annat and their cadet families are all descended from him.
Walter was married to Janet Erskine, the daughter of Sir Robert, 1st Lord Erskine. He had at least four sons, Andrew, Walter, Arthur and Murdoch and one daughter Marian. His son Andrew became Lord Avandale, and was lord chancellor for James III.
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