Emperor Pedro I of Brazil / King Pedro IV of Portugal (1798-1834) and Wives

[Marengo]

Pedro IV de Alcántara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascual Cipriano Serafim, King of Portugal and the Algarves from the death of his father until his abdication in favor of his daughter Maria 29 April 1826, proclaimed Emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 12 October 1822 (Queluz, 12 October 1798 - Queluz, 24 Sepember 1834); married 1stly in Rio de Janeiro, 5 November 1817 Archduchess Marie Leopoldine of Austria (Vienna, 22 January 1797 - Rio de Janeiro, 11 December 1826); m.2d Rio de Janeiro 17 Oct 1829 Duchess Amelia of Leuchtenberg (Milan, 31 July 1812 - Lisbon, 26 January 1873)

Reign in Brazil: 1822 - 1831

Reign in Portugal: 1826 - 1826

Predecessor: King João VI of Portugal and the Algarves, Emperor of Brazil

Succeeded in Brazil by: Emperor Pedro II of Brazil

Succeeded in Portugal by: Queen Maria II da Gloria of Portugal and the Algarves

Children Pedro I and Maria Leopoldina: Queen Maria II da Gloria of Portugal, Prince Miguel and Prince João of Brazil, Princess Januária of the Two Sicilies, Countess of Aquila, Princess Paula of Brazil, Princess Francisca d'Orleans, Princess of Joinville, and Emperor Pedro II of Brazil

Children Pedro I and Amalia: Princess Maria Amalia of Brazil

Parents Emperor Pedro I: King João VI of Portugal, Emperor of Brazil and Princess Carlota Joaquina of Spain

Parents Empress Maria Leopoldina: Emperor Franz II of Austria and Princess Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies

Parents Empress Amalia: Eugene de Beauharnais, Viceroy of Italy, Prince Imperial of France and later Duke of Leuchtenberg & Frst von Eichstädt and Princess Augusta of Bavaria.

Siblings Emperor Pedro I: Princess Maria Teresa of Spain, Prince Antonio of Portugal, Duke of Beira, Queen Maria Isabel and Pricness Maria Francisca of Spain, Prince Isabel Maria and Prince Miguel (or King Miguel I) and Princess Maria da Assunção of Portugal and Duchess Ana de Jesus of Loulé

Siblings Empress Maria Leopoldina: Archduchess Ludovika of Austria, Empress Maria Louise of the French, Emperor Ferdinand I, Archduchess Marie Caroline and Archduchess Caroline of Austria, Princess Maria Clementine of the Two Sicilies, Princess of Salerno, Archduke Joseph of Austria, Queen Marie Caroline of Saxony and Archduke Franz Karl, Archduchess Marie Anne, Archduke Johann and Archduchess Amelie of Austria

Siblings Empress Amalia: Queen Josephine of Sweden & Norway, Fuerstin Hortense of Hohenzollern-Hechtingen, Prince Augusto of Portugal, Duchess Theodelinde of Urach, Duchess Carolina and Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg

[Marengo]

Pedro I (pronounced [ˈpedɾu] in Brazilian Portuguese and [ˈpeðɾu] in European Portuguese; English: Peter) (full name: Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon), known as "Dom Pedro Primeiro" (October 12, 1798 – September 24, 1834), proclaimed Brazil independent from Portugal and became Brazil's first Emperor. He also held the Portuguese throne briefly as Pedro IV of Portugal, the Soldier-King (Port. o Rei-Soldado), 28th (or 29th according to some historians) king of Portugal and the Algarves.

Pedro I was born October 12, 1798, at Palace of Queluz, near Lisbon. His father was the prince regent at the time and would later become King John VI of Portugal (João VI); his mother was Charlotte of Spain (Carlota Joaquina), daughter of Charles IV of Spain. Under the full name Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Machado e Bragança e Bourbon, he was the second son born to the royal couple. When his elder brother the Infante Antonio Francisco died in 1801, Pedro was made Prince of Beira as he was the heir-apparent of the then-Prince of Brazil, his father. In 1807, when Pedro was nine, the royal family left Portugal as an invading French army approached Lisbon. (See Napoleonic Wars.) They arrived in Brazil with a British escort in early 1808. The family would remain in the country for 13 years. Their presence made Rio de Janeiro the de facto capital of the Portuguese Empire, and led to Brazil's elevation to the status of a kingdom co-equal with Portugal.
It is said that Pedro was João's favorite son, although the same could not be said about Carlota, who cherished her second son Miguel. The education of Pedro I was very much neglected. Both Pedro and his brother Miguel were brought up haphazardly. Pedro and Miguel would often run away from their tutors to mingle with stable boys and spent their days running around the streets with uneducated children. This led the boys to pick-up bad habits and lousy jargon. As a result of his familiarity with the street hooligans, Pedro grew up with no respect for the symbols and conventions of his age. Because of this he felt himself to be the son of the people rather than the son of royalty. All his life he would become familiar with individuals in every different aspect of life.

Read the entire wikipedia article here.

[Marengo]

Archduchess Maria Leopoldina Josepha Caroline of Austria (Portuguese: Maria Leopoldina da Áustria; German: Erzherzogin Maria Leopoldine von Österreich ) (22 January 1797 – 11 December 1826), Empress consort of Pedro I of Brazil, and, for two months, simultaneously Queen consort of Portugal.
She was born in Vienna, Austria, the daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his second wife, Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies. Among her many siblings were Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria and Archduchess Marie Louise, the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte.
In 1817 she sailed to Brazil to marry the future crown prince of Portugal, Dom Pedro of Alcantara. The Portuguese royal family had been living there in exile for ten years, as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. Leopoldine was highly cultured, fluent in six languages, and very interested in the natural sciences. In the years that followed she brought several researchers and biologists to her new homeland, starting with Johann Baptist von Spix, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, and Johann Natterer, who accompanied her in 1817.
When his father, King João VI, returned to Lisbon in 1821, Dom Pedro chose to remain in Brazil with Leopoldine and their children. In 1822, Dom Pedro headed Brazil's declaration of independence from Portugal, and was crowned as the country's Emperor. Princess Leopoldina thus became Brazil's first Empress consort. She also played an important role on the Declaration of Independence process. The princess found out that Portugal was preparing an action against Brasil and, having no time to wait for D. Pedro's return, Leopoldina, advised by José Bonifácio, and using its interim power, met on September 2nd 1822 with the State of Council, signed the Independence decree, declaring Brasil separated from Portugal. The emperor sent her husband a letter and demanded that he announce the Independência do Brasil and warned him, "The fruit is ready, it's time to harvest."

Read the entire wikipedia article here.

[Marengo]

Amélia, Empress of Brazil (Portuguese: Amélia Augusta Eugênia de Leuchtenberg; French: Amélie Auguste Eugénie de Leuchtenberg), Duchess of Leuchtenberg, was the granddaughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of the French. Her father, Eugène de Beauharnais, was the only male child of Empress Josephine and her first husband Alexandre de Beauharnais and stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte, who admired his military qualities. The mother of Empress Amélie was Princess Augusta Amélia, daughter of Maximilian I, King of Bavaria.

Read the entire wikipedia article here.

[Cory]

Tea at Trianon: Maria Leopoldina of Austria

[Cory]

Analysis of the tombs of Emperor Pedro I and of his two wifes:

G1 - Cientistas brasileiros exumam restos mortais de D. Pedro I e suas mulheres - notícias em Ciência e Saúde

[Alberto2244]

I was aware of it long ago (see GeneAll.net - Abertura dos tmulos de D. Pedro I (IV) e das imperatrizes.) but it was a secret until the historian in charge defended her thesis.
Prince Carlos Tasso de Saxe-Coburgo Bragança was there with his wife, archduchess Walburga and both talked to the documentary that will be broadcast this year.
Also D. Bertrand and D. Luis de Orleans Bragança.
It was all very moving...

[Marengo]

Why did the family allow the tombs to be opened? What information are the researchers hoping to find?

[Alberto2244]

You´ll find all the answers to your questions in the articles published by the newspaper Estado de São Paulo.
First the motivations of the Imperial Family (use Google Translator):
Para príncipe, estudo desmente versão de 'historiadores malévolos' - saopaulo - versaoimpressa - Estadão

What they found:
Dez verdades sobre a família imperial que não estão nos livros de História - saopaulo - saopaulo - Estadão

And:
Família Imperial - Uma Nova História

Família Imperial - Uma Nova História

Família Imperial - Uma Nova História

etc.

[julliette]

Very interesting articles, Alberto.

The picture of D. Amelia mumified is impressive. Look at her hands with the cross!

I'm surprised that D. Pedro was buried as a portuguese, no reference for his brazilian past. I'm not an expert in the brazilian royals, Could someone point some possible reasons for this?
Also very interesting that there is soil from Porto possibly because of Cerco do Porto.

[cmbruno]

D. Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal died in Portugal at the Palácio de Queluz (near Lisbon) in the same bedroom and bed where he was born. He left instructions to give his heart to the city of Porto, where its people supported him in his fight against D. Manuel his brother and usurper of the Portuguese throne . His heart is still at the Lapa Church in Porto. His body was buried at the Bragança's Pantheon in the São Vicente de Fora Church in Lisbon. In 1972 his body was transported to Brazil to the city of São Paulo and rests at the site where he declared the independency of Brazil from Portugal.
So, as he died in Portugal and had been a king of Portugal, I think that was the reason why he was buried as a Portuguese.
In my opinion, he loved both Portugal and Brazil but his choice of heart was Brazil, where he spent his happiest years. And, of course, when his father D. João VI died, he prefered to stay in Brazil and sent his daughter, Dona Maria to be the Queen in Portugal in his place and also keept his male heir in Brazil (the future D. Pedro II).

[julliette]

Thanks cmbruno. I had no idea that he had died in Portugal but that makes sense. His connection to Porto is amazing

[CyrilVladisla]

It was thanks to Empress Maria Leopoldina that the basic color scheme of the Brazilian flag, green and yellow, was chosen to illustrate the marriage of the Houses of Braganza and Hapsburg.

[CyrilVladisla]

Pedro I and his wife Leopoldina
http://www.alamy.com/pedro-i-and-his...212429132.html

[Blog Real]

Marriage of Pedro I to Amélie of Leuchtenberg. Next to him, in order of precedence, are his children with Maria Leopoldina: Pedro, Januária, Paula and Francisca.

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_...D._Pedro_I.jpg

[CyrilVladisla]

Dom Pedro of Braganza, Prince Royal of Portugal proclaimed himself Emperor of Brazil. Did Pedro not need his father King John VI's permission?

[CyrilVladisla]

Before Amelie de Beauharnais agreed to wed Emperor Pedro I, eight princesses had refused a marriage with the Emperor of Brazil.

[Blog Real]

Tombs of the Emperor Dom Pedro I and the Empress Dona Amelia of Brazil in the Imperial Chapel (São Paulo).
https://c4.quickcachr.fotos.sapo.pt/...083_JtTWz.jpeg

[Mbruno]

Several paintings related to Pedro I to be restored for the reopening of the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo in 2022 (bicentennial of the independence of Brazil from Portugal). The restoration was made possible by a grant from Bank of America.

https://sao-paulo.estadao.com.br/not...as,70003783507

[CyrilVladisla]

A letter of Empress Maria Leopoldina was auctioned in Monaco on November 26, 2021.
http://www.hermitagefineart.com/en/l...ss-brazil-2021