Holy Roman Empire

[Blog Real]

I noticed that does not exist in the TRF no page about the Holy Roman Empire. So I decided to create one.

[Blog Real]

The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

The core and largest territory of the empire was the Kingdom of Germany, though it included at times the Kingdom of Italy, the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the Kingdom of Burgundy, as well as numerous other territories.

Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[CyrilVladisla]

I like the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I.
He was named after Saint Maximilian of Tebessa.
In 1508, Maximilian, with the assent of Pope Julius II, took the title "Elected Roman Emperor".
This ended the custom that the Holy Roman Emperor had to crowned by the Pope.

Conrad II continued to build the Catholic Church as a center for imperial power.
He preferred to appoint church bishops over secular lords to important posts across the Empire.
Conrad II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1027 to 1039.

Otto III reigned 996 to 1002.
Crowned as Holy Roman Emperor, he put down the Roman rebellion and installed his cousin, Bruno of Carinthia, as Pope Gregory V.

[Chubb Fuddler]

When the Holy Roman Empire is restored, I would like to see it go back to its elective roots, with its capital in Aachen. I'm not sure yet if the Emperor or Empress should reign for life, or for a fixed term (maybe ten or twenty years). I think I would like to see a member of the Grand Ducal House of Luxembourg as next Emperor. Maybe to be followed by a Habsburg (who, by then, will back ruling in Vienna as Archdukes of Austria). Then there's the restoration of the Eastern Empire to sort out as well. It could get a bit tricky when Constantinople's Hagia Sofia is re-consecrated, but give it a couple of centuries and it will be fine.

[Warren]

Originally Posted by Blog Real

I noticed that does not exist in the TRF no page about the Holy Roman Empire. So I decided to create one.

Not by name perhaps but otherwise can largely be covered in the Royal Families of Germany and Austria subforum.
For the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperors the Imperial House of Habsburg sub-subforum should be adequate and the HRE Families (and thus to some extent HRE States) are covered in the family-specific threads. I'd rather avoid having the topic being split across too many disparate areas.

That being said, Holy Roman Emperors and development of the Holy Roman Empire itself prior to the Habsburg ascendency in 1438 could be discussed here (in the Other Non-Reigning Houses area) but to date there hasn't been any.

[An Ard Ri]

Isabella of England, Holy Roman Empress

History… the interesting bits!

[An Ard Ri]

In a nutshell: the Holy Roman Empire


What was the Holy Roman Empire? | History Extra

[An Ard Ri]

Timeline: The Holy Roman Empire


Timeline: The Holy Roman Empire | History Today

[CyrilVladisla]

Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund (1368-1437) reigned from 1433 to 1437.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6IS5E-BU0Q

[CyrilVladisla]

Why did Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II reverse his father Maximilian II's tolerant policy toward Protestantism?

[An Ard Ri]

Death of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II on December 13th,1250.

Death of Emperor Frederick II | History Today

[CyrilVladisla]

Karlstejn Castle was founded in 1348 by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor-elect and King of Bohemia. The castle served as a place for safekeeping the Imperial Regalia as well as the Bohemian/Czech crown jewels, holy relics, and other royal treasures.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0KOsu71kS8

[CyrilVladisla]

Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and the occupation of Verona.
http://www.gettyimages.com/license/629582781

[CyrilVladisla]

To hold his throne, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II hired foreigners. His coalition included Spanish Catholics and a German Lutheran elector, the Duke of Saxony. The Catholic ruler Sigismund III of Poland and Maximilian of Bavaria also helped.

[CyrilVladisla]

The Golden Bull of 1356 of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV set out the conditions for the succession to the imperial crown. The emperor would be elected by seven electors. Four were secular princes, three were ecclesiastical princes.

[CyrilVladisla]

When Maximilian II reigned as Holy Roman Emperor, he allowed the publication of Lutheran liturgy and even had Lutherans at court.
What did the Pope and the Vatican officials think about this?

[An Ard Ri]

Originally Posted by CyrilVladisla

When Maximilian II reigned as Holy Roman Emperor, he allowed the publication of Lutheran liturgy and even had Lutherans at court.
What did the Pope and the Vatican officials think about this?

I'm sure he faced major opposition from the Vatican but they had bigger fish to fry such as the Ottomans in Hungary on the doorsteps of Vienna.

[Mbruno]

Could you post the chronology of the Electorates until the dissolution of the Empire in 1806?

[Blog Real]

The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum, German: Kaiser der Römer) during the middle ages, and also known as the German-Roman Emperor since the early modern period (Latin: Imperator Germanorum, German: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, lit. 'Roman-German emperor'), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Empire was considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the only legal successor of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The title was held in conjunction with the title of King of Italy (Rex Italiae) from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of King of Germany (Rex Teutonicorum, lit. 'King of the Teutons') throughout the 12th to 18th centuries.

In theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered primus inter pares, regarded as first among equals among other Roman Catholic monarchs across Europe.[3] In practice, an emperor was only as strong as his army and alliances, including marriage alliances, made him. However the Reformation of the 16th century had made managing the empire more difficult because it made the Empire's role as "holy" questionable in Protestant parts of Europe.

From an autocracy in Carolingian times (AD 800–924) the title by the 13th century evolved into an elective monarchy, with the emperor chosen by the prince-electors. Various royal houses of Europe, at different times, became de facto hereditary holders of the title, notably the Ottonians (962–1024) and the Salians (1027–1125). Following the late medieval crisis of government, the Habsburgs kept possession of the title without interruption from 1440 to 1740. The final emperors were from the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, from 1765 to 1806. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved by Francis II, after a devastating defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.

The emperor was widely perceived to rule by divine right, though he often contradicted or rivaled the pope, most notably during the Investiture controversy. The Holy Roman Empire never had an empress regnant, though women such as Theophanu and Maria Theresa exerted strong influence. Throughout its history, the position was viewed as a defender of the Roman Catholic faith. Until Maximilian I in 1508, the emperor-elect (Imperator electus) was required to be crowned by the pope before assuming the imperial title. Charles V was the last to be crowned by the pope in 1530. Even after the Reformation, the elected emperor was always a Roman Catholic. There were short periods in history when the electoral college was dominated by Protestants, and the electors usually voted in their own political interest.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor

[An Ard Ri]

The Holy Roman Empire never had an Empress Regnant or a Protestant Emperor elected even after Reformation.

Maria Theresa could not be elected Holy Roman Empress but her husband Francis was elected as Emperor.