The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Regno delle Due Sicilie) was a kingdom in Southern Italy from 1816 to 1861 under the control of a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons. The kingdom was the largest sovereign state by population and size in Italy before Italian unification, comprising Sicily and most of the area of today's Mezzogiorno in covering all of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States.
The kingdom was formed when the Kingdom of Sicily merged with the Kingdom of Naples, which was officially also known as the Kingdom of Sicily. Since both kingdoms were named Sicily, they were collectively known as the "Two Sicilies" (Utraque Sicilia, literally "both Sicilies"), and the unified kingdom adopted this name. The king of the Two Sicilies was overthrown by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860, after which the people voted in a plebiscite to join the Kingdom of Sardinia. The annexation of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies completed the first phase of Italian unification, and the new Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861.
The Two Sicilies were heavily agricultural, like the other Italian states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies
Ferdinand I (12 January 1751 – 4 January 1825) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1816 until his death. Before that he had been, since 1759, King of Naples as Ferdinand IV and King of Sicily as Ferdinand III. He was deposed twice from the throne of Naples: once by the revolutionary Parthenopean Republic for six months in 1799, and again by a French invasion in 1806, before being restored in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Ferdinand was the third son of King Charles VII of Naples and III of Sicily by his wife, Maria Amalia of Saxony. On 10 August 1759, Charles succeeded his elder half-brother, Ferdinand VI, becoming King Charles III of Spain, but treaty provisions made him ineligible to hold all three crowns. On 6 October, he abdicated his Neapolitan and Sicilian titles in favour of his third son, because his eldest son Philip had been excluded from succession due to imbecility and his second son Charles was heir-apparent to the Spanish throne. Ferdinand was the founder of the cadet House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies
King of the Two Sicilies:
Reign: 12 December 1816 – 4 January 1825
Successor: Francis I
King of Naples:
3rd reign 22 May 1815 – 12 December 1816
2nd reign 13 June 1799 – 30 March 1806
1st reign 6 October 1759 – 23 January 1799
Predecessor: Charles VII
King of Sicily:
Reign: 6 October 1759 – 12 December 1816
Predecessor: Charles III
Born: 12 January 1751, Royal Palace, Naples
Died: 4 January 1825 (aged 73), Naples, Two Sicilies
Burial: Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples
Spouses:
Maria Carolina of Austria (m. 1768; died 1814)
Lucia Migliaccio (m. 1814)
Childrens:
Maria Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
Luisa Maria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Prince Carlo, Duke of Calabria
Princess Maria Anna
Francis I, King of the Two Sicilies
Maria Cristina, Queen of Sardinia
Prince Gennaro
Prince Giuseppe
Maria Amalia, Queen of the French
Maria Antonia, Princess of Asturias
Princess Maria Clotilde
Princess Maria Enrichetta
Leopold, Prince of Salerno
Prince Alberto
Princess Maria Isabella
Names:
Ferdinando Antonio Pasquale Giovanni Nepomuceno Serafino Gennaro Benedetto di Borbone
House: Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Father: Charles III of Spain
Mother: Maria Amalia of Saxony
Religion: Roman Catholic
Maria Carolina (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV and III, who later became King of the Two Sicilies. As de facto ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favorite, Sir John Acton and the expulsion of Spanish influence. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Carolina
Lucia Migliaccio, suo jure 12th Duchess of Floridia (19 July 1770 – 26 April 1826) was the second wife of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. Their marriage was morganatic and Lucia was never a queen consort. She was the daughter of Don Vincenzo Migliaccio and Donna Dorotea Borgia dei Marchesi del Casale.
On 4 April 1791, Lucia married Don Benedetto Maria Grifeo, 8th Prince of Partanna. They had seven children together. However, Benedetto died in 1812. Two years later, on 27 November 1814, Lucia married the King of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand I. The two had met frequently at the royal court. They had no children together, and Ferdinand died in 1825. Their marriage caused a scandal at court, and Ferdinand’s eldest son from his first marriage with Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria, Francis, tried to persuade his father not to marry Lucia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucia_Migliaccio
Francis I of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni Battista; 19 August 1777 – 8 November 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830 and regent of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1806 to 1814.
King of the Two Sicilies:
Reign: 4 January 1825 – 8 November 1830
Predecessor: Ferdinand I
Successor: Ferdinand II
Born: 19 August 1777, Royal Palace of Naples, Naples, Kingdom of Naples
Died: 8 November 1830 (aged 53), Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Burial: Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples
Wifes:
Maria Clementina of Austria (m. 1797; died 1801)
Maria Isabella of Spain (m. 1802)
Childrens:
Princess Maria Carolina, Duchess of Berry
Luisa Carlotta, Infanta of Spain
Maria Cristina, Queen of Spain
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Carlo Ferdinando, Prince of Capua
Prince Leopoldo, Count of Siracusa
Maria Antonia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Prince Antonio, Count of Lecce
Maria Amalia, Infanta of Portugal and Spain
Princess Maria Carolina, Countess of Montemolín
Teresa Cristina, Empress of Brazil
Prince Luigi, Count of Aquila
Prince Francesco, Count of Trapani
Names:
Italian: Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni Battista
House: Bourbon
Father: Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Mother: Maria Carolina of Austria
Religion: Roman Catholicism
Maria Clementina of Austria (24 April 1777 – 15 November 1801) was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. In 1797 she married her double first cousin Prince Francis, Duke of Calabria, heir to the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily. She was modest, well educated and kind, becoming popular in her adoptive country. Afflicted with frail health, she died of tuberculosis, age twenty four. Her only surviving child was Princess Caroline, Duchess of Berry.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Clementina_of_Austria
Maria Isabella of Spain (Spanish: María Isabel de Borbón y Borbón-Parma; 6 July 1789 – 13 September 1848) was Queen of the Two Sicilies from 4 January 1825 until 8 November 1830 as the wife of Francis I of the Two Sicilies.
She was the youngest daughter of King Carlos IV of Spain and his wife Maria Luisa of Parma. María Isabel's birth coincided with the rise to power in Spain of her mother's favorite, Manuel Godoy. Court rumour attributed María Isabel's paternity not to the king, but to the young Godoy, who became Spain's prime minister in 1792.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/María_Isabella_of_Spain
