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Originally Posted by auntie
I was wondering about the Duchy of Cornwall, and have a few questions:
Since when in history did the Prince of Wales become the Duke of Corwall?

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The Prince of Wales doesn't become the Duke of Cornwall.
The Duke of Cornwall title is an inherited title while the Prince of Wales title is a created one.
In 1952 when George VI died Charles instantly became Duke of Cornwall but he wasn't created Prince of Wales until 1958 (his investiture was in 1969).
In 1841 Prince Albert Edward was born Duke of Cornwall but created Prince of Wales shortly afterwards.
In 1901 George V was Duke of Cornwall and York from the death of Queen Victoria in January until the November of that year when his father created him Prince of Wales (he opened the first ever Australian parliament in 1901 with the titles of Duke of Cornwall and York).
George V didn't wait very long after his accession to create his son Prince of Wales.
The instant Charles becomes king William will be Duke of Cornwall and it will be up to Charles as to when, or even if, he creates William Prince of Wales. He could do it at any time after his accession. Prince of Wales is not an automatic title unlike Duke of Cornwall.