trepstrep, what in France is called "License" in Spain is "Diplomatura" (3 years) and both are consider an university degree. Of course, a "Licenciatura" (studies of 4, 5 or 6 years) is in higher regard than Diplomatura, and if study a "Master" much better. But License/Diplomatura also are university degree. I'm "diplomada" and I've my university degree.
No, it's not the same. I know because I am a spaniard myself and have studies both in Spain (Complutense) and France (Paris IV).
Asuming we are speaking always of pre-Bologna studies:
In Spain you could have either a diplomatura or a licenciature, depending of what you were studying.
Diplomaturas are for shorter studies, like "nursing", or "physiotherapy" or "social work" or "magisterio" (I can't find the english translation for this word)
Licenciaturas are for studies or 5 years or more (I know in some universities you get a degree after 4 years, but in the Complutense it was 5 years minimun): you can get a Licenciatura in History, Journalism, Language, Biology, Chemistry, Economics, Law, Philosophy...
The french system is different (I'm always speaking pre-Bologna).
Say you study one of the long careers: Language, or History, or Economics, or Chemistry. After two years you get a DEUG (that it's worth nothing except if you want points for an exam to become a civil servant or you want to transfer to other studies), after 3 years you get a License (again, it is worth nothing, you don't have the degree you are studying for ). Only after 4 years you get your Maîtrise and you are graduated on biology, philosophy, economics or whatever, and if you want you can pursue post-graduate studies, start a doctorate, etc
So, french maîtrise= spanish licenciatura
But french license is NOT spanish diplomatura.
To make it simple, imagine that you register in a spanish university to study Law, and the studies last 4 years. Well, now imagine that the university has a name for the people who have completed the first 2 years (deug) and another for the people who have done 3 years (license) but you dont' graduate until you complete the 4 years. And you can't apply to be a judge or work as an attorney or anything.
I think Tintero is owned by Charlotte, Troy by Jan Tops and GI Joe by the estate of a Swiss inventor that lived in Monaco. Apparently leasing a horse for a year or so is very common.
As for the Olympics, some American athletes move to smaller countries (they have to change citizenship) just so they go to the Olympics. They are not good enough to make the US team but no one is entering that sport in the country they go to. I noticed this fall that Edouard de Rothschild starting competing under the Israeli flag. I think he did so to e able to go to the London Olympics.
Thierry says in his interview that GI Joe belongs to Jan Tops and he lent it to Charlotte. He also kind of says that Troy and Tintero are hers (but he is not very clear about that). Anyway, the name of the owner often changes in the starlist so it seems unclear even for them.
You're right about athletes from certain countries changing citizenship in order to compete for other countries. But this athletes are usually of very high level, just not high enough to compete with their own country because the level there is too good.
Also, I think you have a bigger chance to compete if you do it under israeli colours than under Monaco flag, because with israeli citizenship you only have to compete against other asian riders, and well, horseriding is not that big there. Monaco has to compete against the big european countries for a place at the Olympics.