'King' D. Miguel I 'The Absolute King' and the Miguelist Cause

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Miguel Maria do Patrocinio João Carlos Francisco de Assis Xavier Paula Pedro de Alcántara António Rafael Gabriel Joaquim José Gonzaga Evaristo, 'de facto' King of Portugal (Lisbon 26 October 1802 -Jagdschloß Karlshöhe near Bronnbach, 14 November 1866); married in Kleinheubach on 14 September 1851 Princess Adelheid of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (Kleinheubach, 3 April 1831 - Abbaye Ste. Cécile, Apley, Isle of Wight, 16 December 1909)

Reign: 1828-1834 (de facto)

Regency: 1822 - 1828

Children: Princess Maria das Neves of Spain, Duchess of S. Jaime, Miguel 'II', Duke of Braganca; Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria, Duchess Marie Jose in Bavaria, Princess Adelgunde of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Bardi; Grand Duchess Maria Ana of Luxembourg and Duchess Maria Antonia of Parma

Parents Miguel: King João VI of Portugal, Emperor of Brazil and Princess Carlota Joaquina of Spain

Parents Adelheid: Hereditary Prince Constantin of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and Princess Marie Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Siblings Miguel: Princess Maria Teresa of Spain, Prince Antonio of Portugal, Duke of Beira, Queen Maria Isabel of Spain, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, King of Portugal, Princess Maria Francisca of Spain, Prince Isabel Maria and Prince Miguel (or King Miguel I) and Princess Maria da Assunção of Portugal and Duchess Ana de Jesus of Loulé

Brother Adelheid: Fuerst Karl of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg,

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Miguel I (Miguel Maria do Patrocínio João Carlos Francisco de Assis Xavier de Paula Pedro de Alcântara António Rafael Gabriel Joaquim José Gonzaga Evaristo de Bragança e Bourbon; Lisbon, October 26, 1802 - Karlsruhe, November 14, 1866) was the second son of King John VI of Portugal and Charlotte of Spain, and the 30th (or 31st according to some historians) King of Portugal and Algarves between 1828 and 1834, during the Portuguese civil war.

He was given the Lordship of Infantado as his appanage.
Miguel was an avowed conservative and admirer of the Austrian Empire under the guidance of Klemens Wenzel von Metternich. He led two revolts against his father in the 1820s, earning himself a sentence of exile at one point. In 1826 he was betrothed to his young niece Maria II. Miguel subsequently proclaimed himself regent (February 26, 1828) and then took the throne as sole monarch (June 23, 1828) at which time he overthrew his brother Pedro IV's constitution.
Miguel sought to gain international backing for his regime, but the government of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland fell in 1830 just before it could afford formal recognition. In 1831 Miguel's brother Pedro abdicated the throne of Brazil and occupied the Azores from which he launched naval attacks on Portugal. After a three-year civil war, Miguel was forced to abdicate at Evoramonte (May 26, 1834) and was sent into exile by the victorious Pedro.
The last Monarchic Constitution of 1838, never revoked, in the article 98 categorically excluded the collateral line of the king Miguel of Portugal and all his descendants.

Read the entire wikipedia article here.

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More information about the wars between Miguel and his brother and niece Pedro V and Maria II:

The Liberal Wars, also known as the Portuguese Civil War, the War of the Two Brothers, or Miguelite War, was a war between progressive constitutionalists and authoritarian absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834. Embroiled parties included the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, France, Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the bishops of the Roman Catholic Church and Spain.

The death of King João VI of Portugal in 1826 created a dispute over royal succession. The rightful heir to the throne was his eldest son, Pedro I of Brazil, who was briefly made Pedro IV of Portugal. Neither the Portuguese nor the Brazilians wanted a unified monarchy; consequently, Pedro abdicated the Portuguese crown in favor of his daughter, Maria da Glória of Portugal, a child of seven, on the condition that when of age she marry his brother, Miguel. In April 1826, as part of the succession settlement, Pedro revised the constitution granted in 1822, the first constitution of Portugal, and returned to Brazil leaving the throne to Maria, with Miguel as regent.

In the Portuguese Constitutional Charter, Pedro attempted to reconcile absolutists and liberals by allowing both factions a role in government. Unlike the Constitution of 1822, this new document established four branches of government. The legislature was divided into two chambers. The upper chamber, the Chamber of Peers, was composed of life and hereditary peers and clergy appointed by the king. The lower chamber, the Chamber of Deputies, was composed of 111 deputies elected to four-year terms by the indirect vote of local assemblies, which in turn were elected by a limited suffrage of male tax-paying property owners. Judicial power was exercised by the courts; executive power by the ministers of the government; and moderative power by the king, who held an absolute veto over all legislation.

Read the entire article here.