Quote:
Originally Posted by Warren
Fake.
see here and more so the Wiki history of Northern Epirus, a disputed region along the Albanian-Greek border which was formally incorporated into Albania in 1921. There is no mention of any legitimate or illegitimate monarchical institution.
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Fake?????
The
First Bulgarian Empire (modern
Bulgarian: Първo Българско царство,
Parvo balgarsko tsarstvo) was a
medieval state founded by the
Bulgars in c. 680
[1][2] in the north-eastern
Balkans[3][4] and disintegrated in AD 1018 after its annexation to the
Byzantine Empire. At the height of its power it spread between
Budapest and the
Black Sea and from the
Dnieper river in modern Ukraine to the
Adriatic. It was succeeded by the
Second Bulgarian Empire, established in 1185. The official name of the country since its very foundation was
Bulgaria.
[5]
The Empire played a major role in European politics and was one of the strongest
military powers of its time. In 717–718 the coalition of Byzantines and Bulgarians decisively defeated the
Arabs in the
siege of Constantinople thus saving
Eastern Europe from the threat of an Arab invasion and
Muslim conquest of Europe, and later destroyed the
Avar Khanate expanding its territory to the
Pannonian Plain and the
Tatra Mountains. Bulgaria served as an effective shield against the constant invasions of
nomadic peoples from the east in the so called second wave of the
Great Migration.
Pechenegs and
Cumans were stopped in north-eastern Bulgaria and after a decisive victory over the
Magyars in 896 they were forced to retreate to and permanently settle down in Pannonia.
In the late 9th century, the Bulgarian empire reached its apogee, including most of the
Balkans in its territory. After the annihilation of the Byzantine army in the
battle of Anchialus in 917, the Bulgarians laid siege to Constantinople in 923 and 924. The Byzantines eventually recovered, and in 1014 under
Basil II, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Bulgarians at the
Battle of Kleidion.
[6] By 1018, the last Bulgarian strongholds had surrendered, and the First Bulgarian Empire had ceased to exist.
[7]
The
Bulgars brought new construction and battle techniques to Europe. The first Bulgarian cities were made of large monolith stones unlike the Roman brick-build fortresses. With an area of 27 km² the capital
Pliska was among the largest towns in Europe. The Inner town had a
sewerage and floor heating long before cities such as
Paris and
London. After the adoption of
Christianity in 864 Bulgaria became the cultural center of Slavic Europe. Its leading cultural position was further consolidated with the invention of the
Cyrillic alphabet in
Preslav, with some credit to the Bulgarian scholar
Clement of Ohrid. According to some historians the schools of
Preslav and
Ohrid were the second universities in Europe after the
University of Constantinople.