- The longest-reigning Sovereign ruler in European history was Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe (ruler of the Lordship of Lippe); he reigned for 81 years and 234 days.
- The longest-reigning Monarch in European history was Louis XIV of France; he reigned for 72 years and 110 day.
- The longest-reigning Sovereign Prince in European history is Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein; he reigned for 70 years and 91 days.
- The longest-reigning Emperor in European history is Frederic III, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; he reigned for 69 years and 70 days.
He is followed by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, who reigned for 67 years and 355 days.
- Queen Victoria, with her 63 years and 216 days, is the longest-reigning female Monarch in history (as well as the longest-reigning British one).
Queen Elizabeth II will surpass that record on 10 September 2015. If the Queen is still reigning by 26 May 2024, she will surpass Louis XIV as the longest-reigning Monarch in European history.